Social web
The social web is a set of
As people's activities on the Web and communication increase, information about their social relationships become more available.
History
Like the telephone, the Internet was not created as a communication tool to interact socially, but evolved to become a part of everyday life.
The Web is more a social creation than a technical one. I designed it for a social effect—to help people work together—and not as a technical toy. The ultimate goal of the Web is to support and improve our weblike existence in the world. We clump into families, associations, and companies. We develop trust across the miles and distrust around the corner. What we believe, endorse, agree with, and depend on is representable and, increasingly, represented on the Web.[11]
The term "social Web" was coined by Howard Rheingold for this network in 1996; Rheingold was quoted in an article for Time on his website "Electric Minds", described as a "virtual community center" that listed online communities for users interested in socializing through the Web, saying that "The idea is that we will lead the transformation of the Web into a social Web".[12][13]
The social Web developed in three stages from the beginning of the '90s up to the present day, transforming from simple one-way communication web pages to a network of truly social applications.[2]: 14 During the "one-way conversation" era of online applications in the mid '90s, most of the nearly 18,000 web pages in existence were "read only", or "static web sites" with information flowing exclusively from the person or organization that ran the site; although the web was used socially at this time, communication was difficult, achieved only through individuals reacting to each other's posts on one web page by responding to them on their own personal web page.[2]: 14 In the mid '90s, Amazon and other pioneers made great progress in advancing online social interaction by discovering how to link databases to their web sites in order to store information as well as to display it; in concert with other innovations, this led to the rise of read-write web applications, allowing for a "two-way conversation" between users and the individual or organization running the site.[2]: 14 As these web applications became more sophisticated, people became more comfortable using and interacting with them, bandwidth increased, and access to the Internet became more prevalent, causing designers to begin implementing new features that allowed users to communicate not only with a site's publishers, but with others who visited that site as well.[2]: 15 Despite being a small step forward technologically, it was a huge step socially, enabling group interaction for the first time, and it has been claimed that this social exchange between many individuals is what separates a web application from a social Web application.[2]: 16
The first
Evolution
The social web is a way of life: many people visit
Blogs and wikis
Both
Mobile connectivity support
Most
Social features added to non-social sites
Web sites that are not built around social interaction nevertheless add features that enable discussion and collaboration out of an interest in expanding their user bases—a trend that is projected to continue in the coming years.
At Amazon, customer reviews act like a magnet, pulling people down the page. That's the content people want...They keep scrolling until they hit the reviews, which in some cases are up to 6000 pixels down from the top of the page! Nobody seems to mind...Customer reviews allow people to learn about a product from the experience of others without any potentially biased seller information. No wonder everyone wanted to shop at Amazon. They had information that no other site had: they had the Truth. And that truth, interestingly enough, arose from simply aggregating the conversation of normal people.[2]: 4
These customer reviews contribute valuable information that individuals seek out, and are written by users for free simply out of a desire to share their experiences with a product or service with others; the quality and value of each review is further determined by other users, who rate them based upon whether or not they found the feedback helpful, "weeding out the bad (by pushing them to the bottom [of the page])."[2]: 4
Non-retailer, special interest websites have also implemented social web features to broaden their appeal: one example is Allrecipes.com, a community of 10 million cooks that share ideas and recipes with one another. to expand its presence on the social Web. The recipes found on this website become part of the social web as other members rank them, comment and provide feedback as to why the recipe was good or bad, or to share ways in which they would change it.
The integration of "social" features has also begun to extend into non-Web media forms including print and broadcast. Increasingly prevalent mobile devices have offered a platform for media companies to create hybridised media forms which draw upon the social web, such as the
Social art
Artists use the social Web to share their art, be it visual art on sites like
Collaborative efforts facilitated by the social web
Crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing has become one of the ways in which the social Web can be used collaborative efforts, particularly in the last few years, with the dawn of the
Crowdsourcing is used by researchers in order to emulate a traditional focus group, but in a less expensive and less intimate atmosphere. Due to the nature of the social Web, people feel more open to express what their thoughts are on the topic of discussion without feeling as though they will be as heavy scrutinized by the rest of the group when compared to a traditional setting. The Internet serves as a screen, helping to evoke the purest feedback from the participants in the group, as it removes much of a
Facebook has also been a mode in which crowdsourcing can occur, as users typically ask a question in their status message hoping those that see it on his or her news feed will answer the question, or users may opt to use the poll option now available to obtain information from those within their friends network.[31]
Community-based software projects
Through the use of the social Web, many software developers opt to participate in community-based
Mobile application development
Most of the modern mobile applications, and indeed even browser applications, come from released
Mobile social Web applications are built using various APIs. These APIs allow for the interaction and interconnection of data on one social database, be it Facebook, Twitter, or Google Account, thus creating a literal web of data connections. These applications then add to the user experience specific to the application itself. Examples include TweetDeck and Blogger.[33]
From the social web to real life
The way in which individuals share intimate details, and perform tasks such as dating, shopping, and applying for jobs is very different from in previous generations. Now, one's preferences, opinions, and activities are routinely shared with a group of friends with whom they may or may not ever meet were it not for the social web.[34]
Many social websites use online social interaction to create a bridge to real life interaction. Relationships are formed between individuals via the internet and then become more personal through other forms of communication.[34] An example of this type of interaction is found on eBay: with more than 94 million active users globally, eBay is the world's largest online marketplace, where anyone can buy and sell practically anything.[35] This website allows individuals to sell items and other to bid on these items. At the end of the auction, the buyer pays the seller; the buyer then sends the purchased product to the winner of the auction. The relationship begins on the internet, but extends into real life interaction. Ways in eBay facilitates this interaction include Skype, a leading online communications service that enables people to communicate through voice or video online for free.[36] eBay Inc. acquired Skype in 2005 and significantly expanded its customer base to more than 480 million registered users in nearly every country on earth.[37] The result of all eBay transactions is a seller providing the buyer with a product, most commonly via mail: web interaction ending in a real world exchange.
The relationship that is formed with eBay users is similar to the users of Craigslist. Users place items that they want to sell on the website, and other users that are looking to purchase these items contact the seller. Craigslist is used to bring together individuals and organizations and connect them to the resources, tools, technology and ideas they need to effectively engage in community building and see the impact of their actions.[38] This is done via email or over the telephone. The buyer and the seller form a meeting in which goods are exchanged for money. Without this type of website, the buyer would not know that the product was available by the seller. This type of website allows members of a physical community to network with the other members of their community to exchange goods and services.[39]
The transaction from web to real life is seen on a macro scale most recently on
See also
- Sociology of the Internet
- Digital sociology
- Digital anthropology
- Tribe (internet)
- Web science
References
- ^ Halpin, Harry; Tuffield, Mischa. "A Standards-based, Open and Privacy-aware Social Web". W3C Social Web Incubator Group Report 6th December 2010 Report. W3C Incubator Group Report. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-321-53492-7.
- ^ Lauren Indvik (2011-06-19). "How Social Shopping Is Changing Fashion Production". Mashable.com. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ISBN 978-0-470-41097-4.
- ISBN 978-0-7494-5507-1.
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- ^ Fiegerman, Seth (February 2017). "Facebook is closing in on 2 billion users". cnn.com. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
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- ^ S2CID 16741539. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 29 May 2011., p. 60
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- ^ Quittner, Joshua (1996-11-25). "Mr. Rheingold's Neighborhood". Time. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
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- ^ .
- ^ About Open Diary. Opendiary.com (1998-10-19). Retrieved on 2011-06-04.
- ^ "What is PHP Social Networking Software? « Simplify Php Web Programming". Echophp.wordpress.com. 2008-01-28. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ "Free Instagram likes for your business". socifan.com. 2008-01-28. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ "Order Food Online - Food Delivery, Restaurant Menus, College Campuses, Pizza, Chinese, Wings, Takeout". Campusfood.com. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
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- ^ Richardson, Will. "The Social Web". www.techlearning.com. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ Ferriter, Bill (Feb 2009). "Learning with Blogs and Wikis". Educational Leadership. 66 (5): 34–40. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ "What is a Blog?". Problogger.net. 2005-02-05. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ Wikipedia:School and university projects
- ^ Elgan, Mike (2008-10-23). "Augmented reality on Android already available!". Computerworld.
- ^ Levi-Garza, Jalaane. "Allrecipes Content & Technology Services". AllRecipes.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ a b c "Community Help/FAQ". Allrecipes Customer Support.
- ^ "Allrecipes.com Facebook page". Facebook.com. 2009-01-10. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
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- ^ "SurveyMonkey User Manual" (PDF). User Manual. Retrieved 2011-06-08.
- ^ Leah DeVun (2007-05-10). "Wired News. Web. 19 Nov. 2009". Wired. Wired.com. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ "Searching for Answers? Ask Facebook Questions". Facebook. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
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- ^ "Who We Are - eBay Inc". Partnerships and Investments. eBay. Archived from the original on 19 June 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
- ^ "Ebay partnerships and investments". Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ "FAQs". Craigslist Fondation. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
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- ^ "Love at first byte". Economist. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
Further reading
- Alessio, Signorini (June 7, 2009). "Social Web Information Monitoring for Health" (PDF). Department of Computer Science University of Iowa. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- Berslin, John G.; Passant, Alexandre; Decker, Stefan (2010), The Social Semantic Web, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-01171-9
- Chi, Ed H. (2008). "The Social Web: Research and Opportunities" (PDF). Computer. 41 (9): 88–91. S2CID 28436905.
- Cinnamon, Jonathan; Nadine Schuurman (2010). "Injury surveillance in low-resource settings using Geospatial and Social Web technologies". International Journal of Health Geographics. 9 (1): 25. PMID 20497570.
- Gerlitz, Carolin; Anne Helmond (May 2011). "The Like economy: the social web in transition" (PDF). Conference Paper MiT7 Unstable Platforms – The promise and peril of transition. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- Gruber, Tom (2007). "Collective Knowledge System: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web". Journal of Web Semantics. 6 (1): 4–13. .
- Hoschka, Peter (Aug 1, 1998). "CSCW research at GMD-FIT: from basic groupware to the social Web" (PDF). ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin. 19 (2): 5–9. S2CID 15579601.
- Kamel Boulos, Maged N.; Antonio P. Sanfilippo; Courtney D. Corley; Steve Wheeler (2010). "Social Web mining and exploitation for serious applications: Technosocial Predictive Analytics and related technologies for public health, environmental and national security surveillance". Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 100 (1): 16–23. PMID 20236725.
- Kim, Won; Ok-Ran Jeong; Sang-Won Lee (2010). "On social Web sites". Information Systems. 35 (2): 215–236. ISSN 0306-4379.
- Kashoob, Said; James Caverlee; Krishna Kamath (2010). "Community-based ranking of the social web" (PDF). Proceedings of the 21st ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HT '10. p. 141. S2CID 8714808.
- Kraut, Robert; et al. (2002). "Internet Paradox Revisited" (PDF). Journal of Social Issues. 58 (1): 49–74. S2CID 144328559. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2003-03-21.
- Krey, August Charles (1955). History and the social web; a collection of essays. University of Minnesota Press. OCLC 1153026.
- Cristianini, Nello; Lampos, Vasileios (2011). "Nowcasting Events from the Social Web with Statistical Learning" (PDF). ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology. 3 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-16.
- McDonnell, Michael; Ali Shiri (2011). "Social search: A taxonomy of, and a user-centred approach to, social web search". Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems. 45 (1): 6–28. ISSN 0033-0337.
- Rohani, Vala Ali; Ow Siew Hock (2010). "On Social Network Web Sites: Definition, Features, Architectures and Analysis Tools" (PDF). Journal of Advances in Computer Research (2): 41–53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- "Design Features for the Social Web: The Architecture of Deme" (with Mike D. Mintz), 8th International Workshop on Web-Oriented Software Technologies (IWWOST 2009), Donostia-San Sebastián, June 23, 2009
- The Social Web: Creating An Open Social Network with XDI, Archive.org
External links
External videos | |
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Where the Social Web Meets the Semantic Web, Tom Gruber |