South Brisbane, Queensland
South Brisbane Federal division(s) | Griffith | ||||||||||||||
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South Brisbane is an inner southern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[3] In the 2021 census, South Brisbane had a population of 14,292 people.[1]
Geography
South Brisbane is on the southern bank of the
- Go Between Bridge (toll road, 27°28′12″S 153°00′45″E / 27.4700°S 153.0124°E)
- William Jolly Bridge (road, 27°28′09″S 153°00′56″E / 27.4691°S 153.0156°E)
- Merivale Bridge (rail, 27°28′11″S 153°00′48″E / 27.4696°S 153.0132°E)
- Kurilpa Bridge (pedestrian/cycling, 27°28′10″S 153°01′04″E / 27.4695°S 153.0177°E)
- Victoria Bridge (road, 27°28′21″S 153°01′14″E / 27.4726°S 153.0206°E)
- Goodwill Bridge (pedestrian/cycling, 27°28′51″S 153°01′36″E / 27.4808°S 153.0268°E).[6]
Modern public transport services include suburban train stations at
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/StateLibQld_1_159010_View_of_South_Brisbane%2C_ca._1888.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_159010_View_of_South_Brisbane%2C_ca._1888.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/StateLibQld_1_158998_Suburb_of_South_Brisbane_viewed_from_River_Terrace%2C_Brisbane%2C_ca._1895.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_158998_Suburb_of_South_Brisbane_viewed_from_River_Terrace%2C_Brisbane%2C_ca._1895.jpg)
Pre-colonial times
South Brisbane, together with
19th century: European settlement
The area was named South Brisbane because it was on the south side of the
European settlement commenced with the first land sales in 1843, followed by the development of wharves along the bank of the Brisbane River. The first street in the area was called Stanley Quay, later to become Stanley Street.[8]
In December 1849, the Church of England obtained a block of land facing Melbourne Street and extending to Grey Street and Stanley Street (approx 27°28′25″S 153°01′07″E / 27.4736°S 153.0185°E, now the site of the Queensland Museum), a total of 1 acre, 3 roods, 8 perches of land, on which to erect a church, a school and a parsonage.[9][10] However it is not until August 1858 that the school house was constructed on the site with the expectation that it would also be used for "occasional" public worship. The building was 43 by 23 feet (13.1 by 7.0 m) of hammer-dressed stone.[11] On 6 September 1858 Miss Clothier opens a school there.[12] In 1859 it is described as an "English Church" at "South Brisbane".[13] By May 1862 the church has a resident minister enabling regular services.[14] The church was adversely impacted by the construction of the 1874 Victoria Bridge as the bridge was higher and the approach roads had to be built up accordingly, resulting in the church being below the new road level, forcing the parishioners to approach the church from the rear.[9] It is unclear when the church was named for St Thomas but that name is in use by October 1877.[15]
Commercial buildings and hotels developed around the Russell Street area. By the 1850s there were over 100 residences in the area.[16] Due to its proximity to wharves the area became the place where bullock drovers stayed and relaxed. Thomas Baines visited Brisbane in 1855 and depicted South Brisbane in a painting titled 'South Brisbane from North Brisbane', 13 years later.[8] South Brisbane Recreation Reserve (now known as Musgrave Park) was created in 1856.[16]
The first Presbyterian church in the district was built in Grey Street near Melbourne Street (approx 27°28′28″S 153°01′06″E / 27.4745°S 153.0183°E) by John Graham. It was a small weatherboard church and was officially opened on 25 May 1851 by the Reverend
A Baptist Sunday school operated in South Brisbane from 1857, but it was not until July 1872 that a congregation was formed, meeting in the South Brisbane Mechanics Institute.[18] On Sunday 17 May 1974 the Vulture Street Baptist Church opened at 218 Vulture Street (corner of Christie Street, 27°28′59″S 153°01′39″E / 27.4831°S 153.0275°E).[19][20][21][22] It was later renamed the South Brisbane Baptist Church. The church was rebuilt in 1966, reopening on 10 December 1966. In 2003 it was renamed the South Bank Baptist Church to reflect its proximity to the South Bank Parklands. It was demolished in early 2013 when the congregation moved to a new church at 859 Stanley Street, Woolloongabba, renaming itself as Church@TheGabba.[23][24][25]
In October 1863
South Brisbane School opened around 1865. At some time it split into South Brisbane Boys State School and South Brisbane Girls and Infants State School. In 1929 the Boys School and the Girls and Infants were amalgamated to form two new schools, South Brisbane State School for Preparatory to Grade 5 and South Brisbane Intermediate State School for Grades 6 and 7. In 1953 the Intermediate School was amalgamated into South Brisbane State School. The school closed in 1963.[33]
South Brisbane Wesleyan Methodist Church opened in July 1866.[34]
The South Brisbane Congregational Church was officially opened in Grey Street on 13 January 1867. The congregation was originally established at the Mechanics Institute in Stanley Street on 9 July 1865 and this was their first church building. It was made of timber. It was badly damaged in the 1893 Brisbane floods and subsequently demolished as the congregation decided to abandon this low-lying site.[35]
In 1874, John Cani established St Kilian's College in Raymond Terrace at the site now occupied by St Laurence's College.[36][37][38][39] On Tuesday 20 December 1904 it was partially demolished in a severe storm and its buildings were sold for removal.[40][41][42]
In October 1875, the congregation of St Thomas' Anglican Church decided to erect a new church in a more "central" location, apparently desiring a more elevated site and a more "pretentious" church.
In 1884, the railway to the south was opened with a terminus at South Brisbane. As a result, South Brisbane experienced a construction boom. In 1888, South Brisbane became an independent municipality, initially as the
The South Brisbane Reach portion of the Brisbane River was once the city's main port, located along riverfront underneath today's Captain Cook Bridge. The Queensland Maritime Museum was opened in a dry dock in 1881. Depots and wharves were gradually closed over the following century, culminating in the area's transformation for Expo 88.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/ISee_Church%2C_former_Park_Presbyterian_Church%2C_31_Glenelg_Street%2C_South_Brisbane_01.jpg/220px-ISee_Church%2C_former_Park_Presbyterian_Church%2C_31_Glenelg_Street%2C_South_Brisbane_01.jpg)
By the 1880s, the Presbyterian church in Grey Street had grown too small for its congregation. In October 1884 a foundation stone for a new church was laid. On 11 October 1885 the new Park Presbyterian Church was opened at 31 Glenelg Street on the corner of Cordelia Street (27°28′43″S 153°01′04″E / 27.4787°S 153.0179°E) by
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/StateLibQld_1_104088_Lithograph_of_St_Mary%27s_Catholic_Church_at_South_Brisbane_published_in_The_Queenslander%2C_1893.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_104088_Lithograph_of_St_Mary%27s_Catholic_Church_at_South_Brisbane_published_in_The_Queenslander%2C_1893.jpg)
Similarly St Mary's Catholic Church became too small for its congregation. From 1884 to 1889 the Catholic Church had acquired more land adjoining St Mary's Catholic, eventually owning all of the northern end of the block bounded by Cordelia, Peel and Merivale Streets, enabling it to raise funds for a new St Mary's church in 1890. Architects
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Catholic_Apostolic_Church%2C_later_third_St_Thomas%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_16_Manning_Street%2C_South_Brisbane%2C_2020_02.jpg/220px-Catholic_Apostolic_Church%2C_later_third_St_Thomas%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_16_Manning_Street%2C_South_Brisbane%2C_2020_02.jpg)
In June 1888 the first Catholic Apostolic Church in Queensland was opened at 16 Manning Street (27°28′30″S 153°00′51″E / 27.4750°S 153.0141°E). Designed by architect Leslie Corrie, the church interior was 55 by 25 feet (16.8 by 7.6 m) with one third of its length used for the chancel. The building was designed with the expectation of enlarging it at a later stage.[56] The church was burned down on Saturday 21 July 1917.[57] In October 1917 architect George Addison called for tenders to construct a new brick church on the site.[58] Their minister Joseph Todd Young died on 22 February 1932 and the church continued to operate under its deacons until the death of the last deacon in 1957. In 1962 the church building was bought by the Anglican Church.[59]
South Brisbane was badly affected by the flood of the Brisbane River in February 1893. It is estimated that 350 hectares (860 acres) were inundated in South Brisbane. The water rose up to 4.8 metres (16 ft) and only the tops of some roofs remained visible.[60] Stanley Street, then the main thoroughfare, was described as "one long stretch of ruin and desolation".[61]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/South_Brisbane_Congregational_Church_in_Vulture_Street%2C_built_1893%2C_destroyed_1931.jpg/220px-South_Brisbane_Congregational_Church_in_Vulture_Street%2C_built_1893%2C_destroyed_1931.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Interior_of_the_South_Brisbane_Congregational_Church%2C_erected_1893.jpg/220px-Interior_of_the_South_Brisbane_Congregational_Church%2C_erected_1893.jpg)
As the Congregational Church in Grey Street (built in 1863) had been severely damaged in the February 1893 Brisbane flood, the decision was made to relocate to a higher location at 245 Vulture Street (27°28′58″S 153°01′20″E / 27.4827°S 153.0223°E). The Grey Street church was dismantled and the building materials re-used in constructing the new Vulture Street church. On Sunday 23 July 1893 the Vulture Street church was opened.[62] On 16 October 1931 the Vulture Street church was destroyed in a fire, but the hall was spared and the congregation used it for worship until a new church was constructed in 1933.[35][63]
The first electric tramway in Brisbane ran along Stanley Street in South Brisbane on 16 June 1897.[64]
20th century
In 1919, the Brisbane High School for Girls (now Somerville House) was relocated to the property Cumbooqueepa in Vulture Street in South Brisbane (27°29′00″S 153°01′29″E / 27.4832°S 153.0246°E), adjacent to the South Brisbane Town Hall (which since 15 June 1999 forms part of the school). The school was opened on 6 October 1899 by Eliza Fewings in the basement of the Baptist City Tabernacle at 183 Wickham Terrace, relocating to Erneton (also in Wickham Terrace( in 1912. The school was purchased by the Presbyterian and Methodist Schools Association in 1918.[33][65][66]
The South Brisbane Memorial Park commemorates those of South Brisbane who died in
In 1925,
On 10 May 1931, a second St Thomas' Anglican Church was established at 68 Grey Street (approx 27°28′24″S 153°01′05″E / 27.4733°S 153.0181°E) to the immediate north of Fish Lane (which then extended through to Stanley Street),[73] very close to the site of the first St Thomas' church. It was under the control of St Andrew's Anglican Church. It was built from white stucco. It was to serve as a mission church in a largely industrial area with many wharves.[74] It is unclear when this church closed (presumably before the third St Thomas's Anglican Church opened in 1962) and this church building no longer exists.[50]
Following the destruction of the timber Congregation Church in Vulture Street in the 1931 fire, the congregation decided to build a new brick church and commissioned prominent Brisbane architect Brenan Gargett who proposed an unusual octagonal structure. The congregation faced a difficult time in funding a new church during the Great Depression. The new church was opened on Saturday 9 September 1933 by Reverend S. Roberts, the President of the Queensland Congregational Union.[75] The octagon building was 35 feet (11 m) between its sides and could seat 142 people in the main area with a further 40 in the choir, with a stair to an upper gallery seating 58 people.[76] Demographic changes in South Brisbane after World War II saw the congregation move away from South Brisbane to be replaced by European and Asian immigrant communities, who were not Congregationalists. The remaining congregation decided to join the Mount Gravatt Congregational Church, holding their last service in the Vulture Street Church in December 1975.[35]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/St_Clement%27s_Melkite_Catholic_Church_of_Lebanon%2C_74_Ernest_Street%2C_South_Brisbane%2C_2020_07.jpg/220px-St_Clement%27s_Melkite_Catholic_Church_of_Lebanon%2C_74_Ernest_Street%2C_South_Brisbane%2C_2020_07.jpg)
Brisbane's
South Brisbane gained a seedy reputation with many pubs, brothels and boarding houses among warehouses with few homes. During World War II when there was a large American military presence in Brisbane, the desire to separate the white and black American troops (segregation being the norm in some parts of the United States at that time) saw South Brisbane unofficially declared the city's 'black' area, leaving the white troops to enjoy the better parts of the city.[8]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/St_George%27s_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_33_Edmondstone_Street%2C_South_Brisbane%2C_2020_02.jpg/220px-St_George%27s_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_33_Edmondstone_Street%2C_South_Brisbane%2C_2020_02.jpg)
The Greek Association of Brisbane was established in 1913. In May 1921 it established a community centre in
In 1962, the Anglican Church established their third St Thomas' Church at 16 Manning Street (27°28′30″S 153°00′51″E / 27.4750°S 153.0142°E) to replace the second St Thomas's Church of England in Grey Street by purchasing the Catholic Apostolic Church. The Anglican Church ceased to use Manning Street Church in 1979 and sold it in 1984 and, although the 1920s church building still exists, it is no longer used for religion purposes and has been used as commercial premises and as a private home. The name Callan House is displayed on the front of the building.[59][50][92][93]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/South_Brisbane_during_flooding%2C_January_1974.jpg/220px-South_Brisbane_during_flooding%2C_January_1974.jpg)
The suburb became heavily industrialised. Being adjacent to the Brisbane River, the suburb and its industries suffered in the 1974 Brisbane flood.[94]
In 1977, the former Congregational church in Vulture Street was sold to the Serbian Orthodox Church, who added two cupolas to the building and opened it as Saint Nicholas Free Serbian Orthodox Church. The building is now listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register.[35]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/South_Brisbane_%28left%29%2C_Brisbane_River%2C_Brisbane_CBD_%28right%29%2C_1983.jpg/220px-South_Brisbane_%28left%29%2C_Brisbane_River%2C_Brisbane_CBD_%28right%29%2C_1983.jpg)
Mater Hospital Special School opened on 3 January 1981.[33] On 1 December 2014 it was renamed the Lady Cilento Children's Hospital School.[95] On 1 January 2019 it was renamed Queensland Children's Hospital School.[95]
The Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), incorporating the Young Artists Gallery, was a private gallery that existed from 1987 to 1994. Situated in adjacent buildings in South Brisbane, MOCA's address was 164 Melbourne Street, while Young Artists Gallery's entrance was at 23 Manning Street.[96]
South Brisbane's regeneration began when it was selected as the location of
Demographics
In the
In the 2016 census, South Brisbane had a population of 7,196 people.[99]
In the 2021 census, South Brisbane had a population of 14,292 people.[1]
Heritage listings
Being one of the older parts of Brisbane and an area of greater cultural heritage, South Brisbane has many
Education
Somerville House is a private primary and secondary (Prep–12) school for girls at 17 Graham Street (27°29′01″S 153°01′31″E / 27.4836°S 153.0254°E).[100][101] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1317 students with 125 teachers (117 full-time equivalent) and 102 non-teaching staff (90 full-time equivalent).[102]
Lady Cilento Children's Hospital School is a specific-purpose primary and secondary (Prep–12) school at Raymond Terrace (27°29′04″S 153°01′38″E / 27.4844°S 153.0272°E).[100] It provides schooling to children being treated in the hospital and also for other children in the family whose schooling has been disrupted by the hospitalisation and to assist in their transition to/from their regular school.[103] In 2019, the school had an enrolment of 3,567 students across all of its campuses with 42 teachers (34 full-time equivalent) and 24 non-teaching staff (15 full-time equivalent).[104]
St Laurence's College is a Catholic primary and secondary (5–12) school for boys at 82 Stephens Road (27°29′09″S 153°01′26″E / 27.4859°S 153.0240°E).[100][105] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1890 students with 149 teachers (144 full-time equivalent) and 91 non-teaching staff (75 full-time equivalent).[102]
Brisbane State High School is a government secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at the corner of Cordelia and Glenelg Streets (27°28′54″S 153°01′05″E / 27.4817°S 153.0180°E).[100][106] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 3,156 students with 207 teachers (200 full-time equivalent) and 74 non-teaching staff (60 full-time equivalent).[102] It includes a special education program.[100]
South Brisbane is also served by the new Brisbane South State Secondary College, a government secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls in neighbouring Dutton Park to the south.[107] The 2021 initial intake was Year 7 students only, with each successive calendar year extending the range of school years on offer until 2026 when the full Years 7-12 schooling will be provided.[108][109]
There are two tertiary institutions in South Brisbane:
- Griffith University (Southbank Campus)
- Southbank Institute of Technology
Amenities
St George's Greek Orthodox Church is at 33 Edmonstone Street (27°28′48″S 153°00′56″E / 27.4799°S 153.0156°E). Its feast days are 23 April and 3 November.[86]
South Bank
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Streetsa_Beacha.jpg/220px-Streetsa_Beacha.jpg)
The South Bank precinct in South Brisbane contains many notable attractions.
South Bank Parklands
The South Bank Parklands are one of Brisbane's most popular tourist attractions. The parklands are home to many restaurants and café's as well as landmarks such as the Queensland Conservatorium (27°28′35″S 153°01′14″E / 27.4765°S 153.0206°E), the Wheel of Brisbane (27°28′31″S 153°01′15″E / 27.4752°S 153.0208°E), the Nepalese Peace Pagoda (27°28′31″S 153°01′17″E / 27.4754°S 153.0213°E), Streets Beach (27°28′42″S 153°01′24″E / 27.4782°S 153.0233°E), and the Grand Arbour. Approximately 11,000,000 people visit the South Bank Parklands each year.[110]
Grey Street and Little Stanley Street
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Littlestanley.jpg/220px-Littlestanley.jpg)
A number of Brisbane's most popular restaurants and fashion boutiques are located on Grey Street, and Little Stanley Street which it runs parallel to.[111][112] The South Bank Cinemas are also located on Grey Street, along with two five star hotels.[113]
Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Brisbaneconvention.jpg/220px-Brisbaneconvention.jpg)
The Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre contains 24 meeting and event spaces including four exhibition halls with a combined area of 20,000m² and an auditorium capable of seating 8,000.[114] The venue has received 107 industry awards, making it the most awarded convention centre in Australia.[115][116] The centre has been named the World's Best Convention Centre on three occasions (2016, 2017, 2018) by the Association Internationale des Palais de Congres (AIPC).[117]
Queensland Maritime Museum
The Queensland Maritime Museum is located next to the Goodwill Bridge at the southern end of the South Bank Parklands (27°28′54″S 153°01′33″E / 27.4818°S 153.0257°E). It houses a two level exhibition building, a library, a dry dock, a lighthouse and several retired vessels.[citation needed]
Queensland Cultural Centre
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Brisbanemoma.jpg/181px-Brisbanemoma.jpg)
The Queensland Cultural Centre consists of:[citation needed]
- The Queensland Performing Arts Centre
- The Queensland Museum and Science Centre
- The Queensland Art Gallery
- The Queensland Gallery of Modern Art
- The State Library of Queensland
Griffith University
The South Bank campus of
Southbank Institute of Technology
The Southbank Institute of Technology spreads over several blocks between the railway line and Merivale Street.[citation needed]
Business
A number of major corporations have recently[when?] established offices in new buildings along Grey Street and Melbourne Street.[citation needed]
Events
The annual Paniyiri Festival has been held at
The Fair Day of the annual Brisbane Pride Festival is held in Musgrave Park.[120]
See also
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Further reading
- Australia. Postmaster-General's Department (1950), Souvenir : official opening of new post office at South Brisbane at 3 p.m., 11th December, 1950, by Douglas R. Berry, Esq., M.P, Postmaster-General's Dept — contains a history of South Brisbane, full text available online
- Kerr, John; Armstrong, John; Australian Railway Historical Society. Queensland Division (1978), Destination Sth Brisbane : an illustrated history of the southside railways of Brisbane, Australian Railway Historical Society, Qld. Div, ISBN 978-0-909937-09-6
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "South Brisbane". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland.
- South Brisbane section of Ourbrisbane.com via the Wayback Machine
- "BRISBANE'S HISTORIC CHURCHES.—VIII". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. LXI, no. 14, 685. Queensland, Australia. 4 February 1905. p. 12 – via National Library of Australia. — includes the first St Thomas' Anglican church and St Andrew's Anglican Church
- "Secrets of South Brisbane" (PDF). Brisbane heritage trails. Brisbane City Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2021.