Plunder of Murshidabad (1742): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Maratha plunder of Murshidabad |
{{Short description|Maratha plunder of Murshidabad}} |
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{{Infobox battle |
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{{Battle |
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| partof = [[Maratha invasions of Bengal]] |
| partof = [[Maratha invasions of Bengal]] |
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| date = 1742 [[Common Era|CE]] |
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⚫ | | result = [[Maratha]] victory<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 | title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, the Old Regime, 1713-1763 | isbn=978-0-521-04545-2 | last1=Lindsay | first1=J. O. | date=1957 | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> |
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*Marathas plunder [[Murshidabad]] |
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⚫ | | result = [[Maratha]] victory<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 | title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, the Old Regime, 1713-1763 | isbn=978-0-521-04545-2 | last1=Lindsay | first1=J. O. | date=1957 | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QZDAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Plunder+of+Murshidabad%22 | title=History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to the British Period | date=1980 | publisher=Bharatiya Publishing House }}</ref> |
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| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha Empire]] |
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*[[File:Nagpur State flag.png|20px]] [[Kingdom of Nagpur|Nagpur]] |
| combatant1 = {{flag|Maratha Confederacy}}<br>{{*}} [[File:Nagpur State flag.png|20px]] [[Kingdom of Nagpur|Nagpur]] |
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| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} [[Nawab of Bengal]] |
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} [[Nawab of Bengal]] |
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| commander1 = [[File:Nagpur State flag.png|20px]] [[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar|Bhaskar Pandit]]<br>[[File:Nagpur State flag.png|20px]] [[Mir Habib]] |
| commander1 = [[File:Nagpur State flag.png|20px]] [[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar|Bhaskar Pandit]]<br>[[File:Nagpur State flag.png|20px]] [[Mir Habib]] |
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| strength2 = Unknown |
| strength2 = Unknown |
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| strength1 = Unknown |
| strength1 = Unknown |
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| casualties1 = Unknown |
| casualties1 = Unknown |
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| casualties2 = Unknown |
| casualties2 = Unknown |
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| territory = Marathas plunder Murshidabad<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wvcgAAAAMAAJ | title=The Rise of British Power and the Fall of Marathas | last1=Vaish | first1=Devi Charan Lal | date=1972 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niYTV4QnGM0C&q=%22Plunder+of+Murshidabad%22 | title=Bengal, Past & Present: Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society | date=1934 | publisher=The Society }}</ref> |
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⚫ | The '''Plunder of Murshidabad''' was an event during the [[Maratha invasions of Bengal]] where [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha]] forces plundered [[Murshidabad]] and committed numerous atrocities against its people, especially women.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jadunath Sarkar |url=http://archive.org/details/bihar-orissa-during-fall-of-mughals-jadunath-sarkar |title=Bihar and Orissa During the Fall of Mughal Empire (Jadunath Sarkar) |date=1932}}</ref> The city had been left unguarded as the Nawab of Bengal, [[Alivardi Khan]] was at the Orissa campaign where he repulsed the Marathas at [[First Battle of Katwa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=J. O. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713-1763 |date=1957 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-04545-2 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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== Battle == |
== Battle == |
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During the first Maratha invasion of Bengal, [[Alivardi Khan]] gathered reinforcements from Murshidabad for his Orissa campaign, which left it undefended. [[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar]] decided to return to his own country to stop the campaigns in Orissa. [[Mir Habib]] however, objected this. He informed Bhaskar how it would be easy to plunder Murshidabad in the absence of Alivardi or a proper garrison. [[Mir Habib]] then marched from Katwa to [[Murshidabad]] and started plundering the town, with the Marathas committing several atrocities along the way.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jadunath Sarkar |url=http://archive.org/details/bihar-orissa-during-fall-of-mughals-jadunath-sarkar |title=Bihar and Orissa During the Fall of Mughal Empire (Jadunath Sarkar) |date=1932}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalikinkar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49905 |title=Aliardi And His Times |date=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=J. O. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713-1763 |date=1957 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-04545-2 |language=en}}</ref> Upon hearing news of the Marathas having plundered his capital, [[Alivardi Khan]] would make a quick march back to [[Murshidabad]], however [[Mir Habib]] had already departed. [[Alivardi Khan]] would pursue them, meeting them at the [[First Battle of Katwa]] where he defeated the Marathas and repulsed them from Bengal. Peace negotiations would take place later where [[Alivardi Khan]] agreed to pay Chauth and cede parts of [[Odisha]] to the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Bhabani Charan |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.136229 |title=Orissa Under Marathas 1751-1803 |date=1960}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalikinkar Datta |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10547 |title=Alivardi and his times |date=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=J. O. |url=https://books.google. |
During the first Maratha invasion of Bengal, [[Alivardi Khan]] gathered reinforcements from Murshidabad for his Orissa campaign, which left it undefended. [[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar]] decided to return to his own country to stop the campaigns in Orissa. [[Mir Habib]] however, objected this. He informed Bhaskar how it would be easy to plunder Murshidabad in the absence of Alivardi or a proper garrison. [[Mir Habib]] then marched from Katwa to [[Murshidabad]] and started plundering the town, with the Marathas committing several atrocities along the way.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jadunath Sarkar |url=http://archive.org/details/bihar-orissa-during-fall-of-mughals-jadunath-sarkar |title=Bihar and Orissa During the Fall of Mughal Empire (Jadunath Sarkar) |date=1932}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalikinkar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49905 |title=Aliardi And His Times |date=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=J. O. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713-1763 |date=1957 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-04545-2 |language=en}}</ref> Upon hearing news of the Marathas having plundered his capital, [[Alivardi Khan]] would make a quick march back to [[Murshidabad]], however [[Mir Habib]] had already departed. [[Alivardi Khan]] would pursue them, meeting them at the [[First Battle of Katwa]] where he defeated the Marathas and repulsed them from Bengal. Peace negotiations would take place later where [[Alivardi Khan]] agreed to pay Chauth and cede parts of [[Odisha]] to the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Bhabani Charan |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.136229 |title=Orissa Under Marathas 1751-1803 |date=1960}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalikinkar Datta |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10547 |title=Alivardi and his times |date=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=J. O. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713-1763 |date=1957 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-04545-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=New Cambridge History of India |url=http://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4 |title=The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4)}}</ref> |
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== Atrocities == |
== Atrocities == |
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== Aftermath == |
== Aftermath == |
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After the plunder, the Marathas attempted to expand further into the territory of Eastern [[Bengal]], however they would be repulsed by Nawab [[Alivardi Khan]], who would then later enter into a peace treaty with the Marathas, in which he agreed to pay Chauth.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalikinkar Datta |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10547 |title=Alivardi and his times |date=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Bhabani Charan |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.136229 |title=Orissa Under Marathas 1751-1803 |date=1960}}</ref> The Marathas would annex parts of [[Odisha]], and incorporate it as a province.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=J. O. |url=https://books.google. |
After the plunder, the Marathas attempted to expand further into the territory of Eastern [[Bengal]], however they would be repulsed by Nawab [[Alivardi Khan]], who would then later enter into a peace treaty with the Marathas, in which he agreed to pay Chauth.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalikinkar Datta |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10547 |title=Alivardi and his times |date=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Bhabani Charan |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.136229 |title=Orissa Under Marathas 1751-1803 |date=1960}}</ref> The Marathas would annex parts of [[Odisha]], and incorporate it as a province.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=J. O. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713-1763 |date=1957 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-04545-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalikinkar Datta |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10547 |title=Alivardi and his times |date=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=New Cambridge History of India |url=http://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4 |title=The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4)}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Bengal Subah]] |
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[[Category:1740s in the Mughal Empire]] |
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[[Category:Murshidabad]] |
Latest revision as of 05:40, 17 June 2024
Plunder of Murshidabad | |||||||||
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Part of Maratha invasions of Bengal | |||||||||
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![]() Nawab of Bengal | ||||||||
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Strength | |||||||||
Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
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Unknown | Unknown |
The Plunder of Murshidabad was an event during the Maratha invasions of Bengal where Maratha forces plundered Murshidabad and committed numerous atrocities against its people, especially women.[5] The city had been left unguarded as the Nawab of Bengal, Alivardi Khan was at the Orissa campaign where he repulsed the Marathas at First Battle of Katwa.[6]
Background
In 1742, the
Battle
During the first Maratha invasion of Bengal, Alivardi Khan gathered reinforcements from Murshidabad for his Orissa campaign, which left it undefended. Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar decided to return to his own country to stop the campaigns in Orissa. Mir Habib however, objected this. He informed Bhaskar how it would be easy to plunder Murshidabad in the absence of Alivardi or a proper garrison. Mir Habib then marched from Katwa to Murshidabad and started plundering the town, with the Marathas committing several atrocities along the way.[8][9][10] Upon hearing news of the Marathas having plundered his capital, Alivardi Khan would make a quick march back to Murshidabad, however Mir Habib had already departed. Alivardi Khan would pursue them, meeting them at the First Battle of Katwa where he defeated the Marathas and repulsed them from Bengal. Peace negotiations would take place later where Alivardi Khan agreed to pay Chauth and cede parts of Odisha to the Marathas.[11][12][13][14]
Atrocities
After plundering the capital, the Marathas committed many atrocities in the area, such as raping women and killing civilians. Many contemporary historians agree on said atrocities, with some historians calling the Marathas "Slayers of pregnant women and infants," several modern historians uncovered acts of gang-rape done by the Marathas.[15][16]
Aftermath
After the plunder, the Marathas attempted to expand further into the territory of Eastern Bengal, however they would be repulsed by Nawab Alivardi Khan, who would then later enter into a peace treaty with the Marathas, in which he agreed to pay Chauth.[17][18] The Marathas would annex parts of Odisha, and incorporate it as a province.[19][20][21]
References
- ISBN 978-0-521-04545-2.
- ^ History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to the British Period. Bharatiya Publishing House. 1980.
- ^ Vaish, Devi Charan Lal (1972). "The Rise of British Power and the Fall of Marathas".
- ^ Bengal, Past & Present: Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society. The Society. 1934.
- ^ Jadunath Sarkar (1932). Bihar and Orissa During the Fall of Mughal Empire (Jadunath Sarkar).
- ISBN 978-0-521-04545-2.
- ^ Kalikinkar Datta (1939). Alivardi and his times.
- ^ Jadunath Sarkar (1932). Bihar and Orissa During the Fall of Mughal Empire (Jadunath Sarkar).
- ^ Datta, Kalikinkar (1939). Aliardi And His Times.
- ISBN 978-0-521-04545-2.
- ^ Ray, Bhabani Charan (1960). Orissa Under Marathas 1751-1803.
- ^ Kalikinkar Datta (1939). Alivardi and his times.
- ISBN 978-0-521-04545-2.
- ^ New Cambridge History of India. The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4).
- ISBN 978-0-521-04545-2.
- ^ New Cambridge History of India. The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4).
- ^ Kalikinkar Datta (1939). Alivardi and his times.
- ^ Ray, Bhabani Charan (1960). Orissa Under Marathas 1751-1803.
- ISBN 978-0-521-04545-2.
- ^ Kalikinkar Datta (1939). Alivardi and his times.
- ^ New Cambridge History of India. The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4).