Tiocfaidh ár lá: Difference between revisions
Explanation of Provisional IRA based on Provisional Irish Republican Army; see that page's history for attribution (revision ID: 1225927454) Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
Undo Reverted |
||
Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
The literal English phrase "our day will come" has been used in unrelated contexts, for example as the title of [[Our Day Will Come|a 1963 pop song]] by [[Ruby & the Romantics]]. A foreshadowing of the republican slogan is in [[James Joyce]]'s ''[[A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man]]'', when the [[Irish nationalism|nationalist]] Michael Davin (based on [[George Clancy (politician)|George Clancy]]) says Irish republicans "died for their ideals, [[Stephen Dedalus|Stevie]]. Our day will come yet, believe me."<ref>{{cite book |last=Joyce|first=James |title=A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man |year=1916 |chapter=Ch. 5 |url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man/Chapter_5 |access-date=3 April 2009}}; {{cite book |last1=McGarry |first1=Fearghal |title=Republicanism in Modern Ireland |date=2003 |publisher=University College Dublin Press |isbn=978-1-900621-94-6 |page=145 |language=en}}</ref> |
The literal English phrase "our day will come" has been used in unrelated contexts, for example as the title of [[Our Day Will Come|a 1963 pop song]] by [[Ruby & the Romantics]]. A foreshadowing of the republican slogan is in [[James Joyce]]'s ''[[A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man]]'', when the [[Irish nationalism|nationalist]] Michael Davin (based on [[George Clancy (politician)|George Clancy]]) says Irish republicans "died for their ideals, [[Stephen Dedalus|Stevie]]. Our day will come yet, believe me."<ref>{{cite book |last=Joyce|first=James |title=A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man |year=1916 |chapter=Ch. 5 |url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man/Chapter_5 |access-date=3 April 2009}}; {{cite book |last1=McGarry |first1=Fearghal |title=Republicanism in Modern Ireland |date=2003 |publisher=University College Dublin Press |isbn=978-1-900621-94-6 |page=145 |language=en}}</ref> |
||
The Irish phrase {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh ár lá}} is attributed to |
The Irish phrase {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh ár lá}} is attributed to [[Provisional IRA]] prisoner [[Bobby Sands]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Toolis |first=Kevin |title=Rebel Hearts: Journeys within the IRA's soul |publisher=[[Picador (imprint)|Picador]] |year=2000 |page=412 |isbn=0-330-34648-2}}; {{cite book|title=Ireland: Space, Text, Time |editor-first1=Liam |editor-last1=Harte |editor-first2=Yvonne |editor-last2=Whelan |editor-first3=Patrick |editor-last3=Crotty |publisher=Liffey Press|year=2005 |page=110 |isbn=1-904148-83-2}}; {{cite book |last=Shanahan |first=Timothy |title=The Provisional Irish Republican Army and the Morality of Terrorism |url=https://archive.org/details/provisionalirish00shan |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |year=2009 |page=[https://archive.org/details/provisionalirish00shan/page/n54 46] |isbn=978-0-7486-3530-6}}; {{cite book |last=Coogan |first=Tim Pat |author-link=Tim Pat Coogan |title=The IRA |url=https://archive.org/details/onblanketinsides00timp |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2002 |edition=revised |page=499 |isbn=0-312-29416-6}}</ref> who uses it in several writings smuggled out of the [[Maze Prison]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sands |first=Bobby |author-link=Bobby Sands |others=foreword by [[Gerry Adams]] |title=Bobby Sands: Writings from Prison |publisher=Mercier Press |year=1998 |isbn=1-85635-220-X}}</ref> It is the last sentence of the diary he kept of the [[1981 Irish hunger strike|1981 hunger strike]] in which he died, published in 1983 as ''One Day in my Life''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Walker |first=Breifne |date=November 1983 |title=Theology and Hope in Northern Ireland |journal=The Furrow |volume=34 |issue=11 |pages=698–702: 698 |jstor=27677735 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kearney |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Kearney |title=Transitions: narratives in modern Irish culture |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1988 |pages=224–5 |isbn=0-7190-1926-5}}</ref> However, [[Diarmait Mac Giolla Chríost]] has [[Antedating (lexicography)|antedated]] the slogan to a pamphlet published in {{circa}} 1975–77 by [[Gerry Adams]] of his experiences in the Maze.<ref name="jailtacht2012p52"/> Adams himself has ascribed the slogan to Republican prisoners generally, both men in the Maze and women in [[Armagh Prison]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Gerry |title=Presidential Speech at Sinn Féin Ard Fheis, Waterfront Hall, Belfast |url=https://www.sinnfein.ie/contents/21492 |publisher=Sinn Féin |access-date=14 November 2020 |date=15 September 2011 |quote=Let us make history and in the words of the blanketmen and Armagh women, tiocfaidh ár lá.}}</ref> Many republicans learned Irish in prison (a phenomenon known as "Jailtacht", a pun on {{lang|ga|[[Gaeltacht]]}}),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mac Giolla Chríost |first=Diarmait |year=2007 |title=The Origins of 'the Jailtacht' |journal=Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium |volume=27 |pages=317–336 |jstor=40732064}}</ref> and conversed regularly with each other through Irish, both for cultural reasons and to keep secrets from the wardens.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jarman |first=Neil |title=Material conflicts: parades and visual displays in Northern Ireland |publisher=Berg |year=1997 |pages=242–3 |isbn=1-85973-129-5 }}</ref> The [[Gaelic revival|Irish language revival movement]] has often overlapped with [[Irish nationalism]], particularly [[Irish language in Northern Ireland|in Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Tanner |first=Marcus |title=The last of the Celts |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2006 |page=123 |isbn=0-300-11535-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=O'Reilly |first=Camille C |title=Minority Languages in the European Union |editor=Camille C O'Reilly |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2001 |edition=5th |pages=83–96 |chapter=Irish language, Irish identity: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the European Union |isbn=0-333-92925-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nic Craith |first=Máiréad |title=Plural identities—singular narratives: the case of Northern Ireland |publisher=Berghahn |year=2002 |pages=150–1 |isbn=1-57181-314-4}}</ref> {{lang|ga|Tiocfaidh ár lá}} has been called "the [[battle cry]] of the [[blanketman|blanketmen]]".<ref name="jailtacht2012p63">Mac Giolla Chríost 2012 p.63</ref> Republican [[consciousness raising]] around the hunger strikes increased awareness of the Irish language in Northern Ireland's nationalist community.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crowley |first=Tony |title=Wars of Words: The Politics of Language in Ireland 1537–2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/warswordspolitic00crow |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/warswordspolitic00crow/page/n205 195] |isbn=0-19-927343-X }}</ref> |
||
Some Irish-language speakers, including [[Ciarán Carson]], contend that {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh ár lá}} is [[ungrammatical]] or at least [[unidiomatic]], reflecting [[L1 interference]] from English, a phenomenon dubbed {{lang|ga|[[Béarlachas]]}}.<ref name="jailtacht2012p52"/><ref name="carson"/><ref name="macgc2011p202"/><ref name=":0">De Brún 2006 p.174; {{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=N. J. A. |title=Skeealyn Vannin: Stories of Mann |journal=Béaloideas |date=2004 |volume=72 |pages=256 |jstor=20520862 |doi=10.2307/20520862 |issn=0332-270X}}</ref> Mac Giolla Chríost is less categorical, on the basis that {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh '''an''' lá}} ('the day will come') is standard Irish;<ref name="jailtacht2012p52">Mac Giolla Chríost 2012, p.52</ref> on the other hand, he says {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh '''ár''' lá}} typifies the "[[deviance (sociology)|deviant]]" nature of Jailtacht Irish.<ref name="macgc2011p202">{{cite book |last1=Mac Giolla Chríost |first1=Diarmait |editor1-last=Norrby |editor1-first=Catrin |editor2-last=Hajek |editor2-first=John |title=Uniformity and Diversity in Language Policy: Global Perspectives |date=2011 |publisher=Channel View |series=Multilingual Matters |volume=145 |location=Bristol; Tonawanda, NY; North York, ON |isbn=978-1-84769-445-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cQnPBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA202 |page=202 |language=en |chapter=Language as Political Emblem in the New Culture War in Northern Ireland}}</ref> |
Some Irish-language speakers, including [[Ciarán Carson]], contend that {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh ár lá}} is [[ungrammatical]] or at least [[unidiomatic]], reflecting [[L1 interference]] from English, a phenomenon dubbed {{lang|ga|[[Béarlachas]]}}.<ref name="jailtacht2012p52"/><ref name="carson"/><ref name="macgc2011p202"/><ref name=":0">De Brún 2006 p.174; {{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=N. J. A. |title=Skeealyn Vannin: Stories of Mann |journal=Béaloideas |date=2004 |volume=72 |pages=256 |jstor=20520862 |doi=10.2307/20520862 |issn=0332-270X}}</ref> Mac Giolla Chríost is less categorical, on the basis that {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh '''an''' lá}} ('the day will come') is standard Irish;<ref name="jailtacht2012p52">Mac Giolla Chríost 2012, p.52</ref> on the other hand, he says {{lang|ga|tiocfaidh '''ár''' lá}} typifies the "[[deviance (sociology)|deviant]]" nature of Jailtacht Irish.<ref name="macgc2011p202">{{cite book |last1=Mac Giolla Chríost |first1=Diarmait |editor1-last=Norrby |editor1-first=Catrin |editor2-last=Hajek |editor2-first=John |title=Uniformity and Diversity in Language Policy: Global Perspectives |date=2011 |publisher=Channel View |series=Multilingual Matters |volume=145 |location=Bristol; Tonawanda, NY; North York, ON |isbn=978-1-84769-445-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cQnPBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA202 |page=202 |language=en |chapter=Language as Political Emblem in the New Culture War in Northern Ireland}}</ref> |
Revision as of 12:17, 19 June 2024
Tiocfaidh ár lá (Irish pronunciation:
It has been used by Sinn Féin representatives,
Some Irish-language speakers claim that the slogan is
Similar slogans include "Beidh an lá linn" ("the day will be with us") and "Beidh lá eile ag an bPaorach!" ("Power will have another day!"). Some parodies are: "Chucky" or "Chuck" (pejorative word for an Irish republican)
Origins
The literal English phrase "our day will come" has been used in unrelated contexts, for example as the title of a 1963 pop song by Ruby & the Romantics. A foreshadowing of the republican slogan is in James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, when the nationalist Michael Davin (based on George Clancy) says Irish republicans "died for their ideals, Stevie. Our day will come yet, believe me."[20]
The Irish phrase tiocfaidh ár lá is attributed to
Some Irish-language speakers, including
Instances
Tiocfaidh Ár Lá (TÁL) is the name of a fanzine for Celtic F.C.'s Irish republican ultras.[38] It was established in 1991, at which time Celtic were enduring a period of prolonged inferiority to Rangers F.C., their Old Firm rivals, giving "our day will come" an extra resonance.[39] Irish-American folk-rock band LeperKhanz released a 2005 album named Tiocfaidh Ár Lá.[40]
The 1992 and 1993 editions of
In 2019, Una Mullally commented about an upsurge in the appropriation of Troubles-era slogans by young Irish people on both sides of the border: "There's a tacit understanding that a lot of the mindless repetition of IRA slogans such as 'Tiocfaidh ár lá', 'Up the RA' and 'Brits out' is purposefully goofy — even if the latter two at least are offensive."[46] A performance the same year in University College Dublin by Kneecap, an Irish-language hip hop trio from West Belfast, was terminated when they led the audience in a chant of Tiocfaidh ár lá, breaching the university's policies for "Dignity", "Respect", and "Equality, Diversity & Inclusion".[47] JD Sports apologised in 2020 when its online catalogue depicted a branded kit for the Northern Ireland football team worn by a model with a visible tattoo reading "ticofaidh ár lá" [sic].[48] In 2021, a Derry charity video Christmas card was withdrawn after protests of its depiction of Gerry Adams singing "Deck the Halls" with "Fa, la, la, la, la, la ..." changed to "tiocfaidh ár lá, lá, lá ...".[2][49]
Legal cases
The 2007 arrest of Irish-language activist Máire Nic an Bhaird in Belfast was allegedly in part for saying tiocfaidh ár lá to Police Service of Northern Ireland officers, although she claimed to have said tiocfaidh bhur lá ("your day will come").[50]
In 2014, a man who shouted the phrase outside a
In 2017, the Fair Employment Tribunal awarded damages to a Catholic employee who had been dismissed after taking sick leave in response to a Protestant manager shouting Tiocfaidh ár lá at her.[52]
Allusions
IRA
Other
Commenting on unionist Peter Robinson's impending retirement at a 2015 meeting of the North/South Ministerial Council, Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness said, "my day too will come at some stage", at which Robinson sparked laughter by responding, "It's Tiocfaidh ár Lá isn't it."[61] Bookmaker Paddy Power advertised its odds for the outcome of Ireland's 2015 same-sex marriage referendum using a photo of kissing men wearing paramilitary-style balaclavas and the tagline Tiocfaidh ár lá.[62]
The
In October 2021, former UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage unwittingly used republican slogans in several scripted video clips ordered via Cameo, including a putative birthday message to "Gerard" from "Con and Maggie" at "Chucky Arlaw's in Brighton".[64]
Variants
Similar slogans include:
- Beidh an lá linn
- (Irish pronunciation: [bʲɛj ə ˈl̪ˠaː lʲɪn̠ʲ]) literally translates as "the day will be with us".[13] Ciarán Carson says it is more idiomatic Irish than tiocfaidh ár lá.[13] The hybrid form beidh ár lá linn ([bʲɛj aːɾˠ ˈl̪ˠaː lʲɪn̠ʲ]; "our day will be with us") is also found among republicans.[65]
- Beidh lá eile ag an bPaorach!
- (last words from the gallows of Edmund Power of Dungarvan, executed for his part in the Wexford Rebellion of 1798. The phrase was often cited by Éamon de Valera.[66] It occurs in the play An Giall, by Brendan Behan; his English translation, The Hostage, renders it "we'll have another day". It is echoed in There will be another day, the title of republican Peadar O'Donnell's 1963 memoir.[67] The slogan is not exclusively a political slogan, and may simply mean "another chance will come".[68]
Parodies of tiocfaidh ár lá include:
- Chucky
- an
- Tiocfaidh Armani
- mocking Sinn Féin's move towards respectability from the peace process[17][18]
- "Tiocfaidh Ar La La"
- on T-shirts depicting the eponymous Teletubby as an IRA member.[19]
- "Tiocfaidh Arlene"
- various jokes about First Minister of Northern Ireland.[69]
See also
- Irish language in Northern Ireland
- Slán Abhaile, "safe [journey] homeward", ironic republican farewell to British Army forces
- Siege of Derry, origin of the loyalist slogan "No Surrender"
References
Sources
- De Brún, Fionntán (2006). Belfast and the Irish language. Four Courts Press. ISBN 1-85182-939-3.
- Mac Giolla Chríost, Diarmait (5 January 2012). Jailtacht: The Irish Language, Symbolic Power and Political Violence in Northern Ireland, 1972–2008. University of Wales Press. ISBN 9780708324974. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
Citations
- ISBN 978-1-84351-068-0.
- ^ a b Wilson, Jade (14 December 2021). "Sinn Féin TD calls for Gerry Adams to apologise for Christmas sketch". The Irish Times. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ a b Cusack, Jim (14 August 1984). "5,000 march in peaceful demonstration". The Irish Times. p. 1. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
Both Mr Adams and Father Burke concluded their speeches with "Tiocfaidh ár lá," "Our day will come," the expression used by Republican prisoners at their sentencing at Belfast Crown Court.
- ^ O Coilain [sic], Caoimhghin (30 June 1984). "Buiochas". Leitrim Observer. p. 7.
- ^ Ó Súilleabháin, Cionnath (7 October 2000). "Sinn Féin thanks to Áine!". Southern Star. p. 11.
- ISBN 0-8386-3386-2.
- ISBN 0-8018-7117-4.
- ^ "Six jailed for arms crimes salute as supporters shout 'Up the Republic'". The Irish Times. 20 January 1996. p. 22. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
There was prolonged applause from about 30 supporters and shouts of "Up the Republic" and "Tiocfaidh Ar La" after the sentences were handed down.
- ^ "Court told of gun battle as six jailed over bank raid". The Irish Times. 3 July 1990. p. 3. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
there were shouts of "Tiocfaidh ár la" and "Up the Provos" from the public gallery after sentence was passed.
- ISBN 9780748635290.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ISBN 978-0-676-97650-2. Retrieved 13 November 2020 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c d Mac Giolla Chríost 2012, p.52
- ^ ISBN 1-55970-465-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84769-445-4.
- ^ JSTOR 20520862.
- ^ a b Stanage, Niall (8 March 2007). "Chuck Schumer, Militant Republican". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
it became so associated with the IRA that it entered popular slang – a "Chuck" or "Chucky" was a person known to support the guerrilla group's armed struggle.
- ^ a b Hayes, Paddy (16 March 1995). "Sinn Féin". The Irish Times. p. 15. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
- ^ a b Holohan, Renagh (15 May 1999). "Now it's...tiocfaidh Armani". The Irish Times. p. 38. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
- ^ a b Marks, Kathy (15 December 1997). "Eh-oh! Can I have a terrorist for Christmas?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
- ISBN 978-1-900621-94-6.
- ISBN 0-312-29416-6.
- ISBN 1-85635-220-X.
- JSTOR 27677735.
- ISBN 0-7190-1926-5.
- ^ Adams, Gerry (15 September 2011). "Presidential Speech at Sinn Féin Ard Fheis, Waterfront Hall, Belfast". Sinn Féin. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
Let us make history and in the words of the blanketmen and Armagh women, tiocfaidh ár lá.
- JSTOR 40732064.
- ISBN 1-85973-129-5.
- ISBN 0-300-11535-0.
- ISBN 0-333-92925-X.
- ISBN 1-57181-314-4.
- ^ Mac Giolla Chríost 2012 p.63
- ISBN 0-19-927343-X.
- ^ Hattenstone, Simon (10 December 2001). "The Monday interview: Bombs and books". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
- ^ "PA Wirepicture". The Irish Times. 12 June 1986. p. 8. Retrieved 13 November 2020.; PA Images (11 June 1986). "Eileen Magee in London wearing a T-shirt with the slogan in Irish "Tiocfaidh Ar La", which means "Our Day Will Come"". Alamy. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ISBN 9781843589723. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
- ^ De Brún 2006 p.156; "Four loyalists jailed for gun offences". The Irish Times. 11 September 2002. p. 4. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ a b McQuinn, Cormac (12 February 2018). "New Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald under fire for 'tiocfaidh ár lá' speech sign-off". Irish Independent. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- ISBN 0-7185-1454-8.
- ^ "Tiocfaidh Ar La – For Celtic & Ireland". Retrieved 2 April 2009.
- ^ ASIN B000CA2Q96
- ^ Moriarty, Gerry (17 July 1993). "IRA slogan has become college "buzz word"". The Irish Times. p. 1.
- ISBN 0-333-56700-5.
- ISBN 0-333-58514-3.
- ISBN 0-333-59947-0.
- ^ Clark, Stuart (1 February 2016). "David Bowie: A Celebration". Hot Press.
- ^ Mullally, Una (26 March 2019). "Is it too soon, too unsettling, for pro-IRA chants to be trivialised?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ Mullally, Una (12 April 2019). "Kneecap: 'Low-life scum' of west Belfast rap whose day has come". The Irish Times. Retrieved 13 November 2020.; Donnelly, Brían (8 March 2019). "VIDEO: KNEECAP pulled from stage early as students chant 'tiocfaidh ár lá'". University Observer. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ Hewitt, Ralph (24 January 2020). "JD Sports 'unaware' of Northern Ireland shirt model's republican tattoo". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ McGreevy, Ronan (13 December 2021). "Sketch featuring Gerry Adams withdrawn after families of IRA victims raise concern". The Irish Times. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^ "Irish language teacher in Belfast guilty of disorderly behaviour". 26 February 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2007.
- ^ "Man who shouted Irish republican slogan Tiocfaidh ar la outside Belfast McDonald's is convicted of disorderly behaviour". Belfast Telegraph. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ "Woman awarded £20,000 after 'tiocfaidh ár lá' shouted at her". The Irish Times. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- S2CID 165887079.
- ^ a b Mac Giolla Chríost 2012 p.79
- ISBN 978-0-374-22712-8.; Paul, Muldoon (12 December 2011). "Barrage Balloons, Buck Alec, Bird Flu and You". Plume (6). Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ Higgins, Kevin (24 December 2019). "Tiocfaidh Do Lá". culturematters.org.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-268-03167-1.
- ISBN 978-0-85640-505-1.
- JSTOR 25554350.
- SSRN 2016906. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ Williamson, Claire (11 December 2015). "Peter Robinson's parting words in Irish spark laughs as he exclaims 'Tiocfaidh ár Lá'". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ "Yes we (republi)can? Paddy Power reveals #MarRef odds in bombastic fashion". Newstalk. 27 April 1015. Retrieved 13 November 2020.; "Paddy Power "Tiocfaidh Ár Lá" by BMB". www.campaignlive.co.uk. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ Music and the Irish Imagination Like a Language That We Could All Understand. 2016. p. 75.
- ^
- Hyland, Paul (22 October 2021). "Nigel Farage tricked (again) in video message, references Wolfe Tones rebel song". Irish Independent. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- Hyland, Paul (20 October 2021). "Nigel Farage tricked into saying 'tiocfaidh ár lá' in hoax birthday video". Irish Independent. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ Buckley, Michael (Spring 2000). "Image V: Andersontown (sic)". The Writing on the Wall: Continuity and Change as Represented in the Republican Murals of West Belfast. Stanford University. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
- ISBN 978-5-9551-0213-9. Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 October 2011.
- ^ Murphy, John L. (2012). "Review of Jailtacht: The Irish Language, Symbolic Power, and Political Violence in Northern Ireland, 1972-2008 by Diarmait Mac Giolla Chríost". Estudios Irlandeses. 8: 189–190.
- ^ Dillon, Charlie. "Beginners' blas: Sloinnte Normannacha". Blas. BBC Northern Ireland. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
Hence the saying Beidh lá eile ag an bPaorach, meaning that another chance will come along.
- ^ McDowell, Iain (27 April 2017). "Newspaper review: 'Tiocfaidh Arlene' and Belfast clasico". BBC News NI. Retrieved 14 November 2020.; McFadden, Eithne (28 June 2017). "Theresa May's deal with the DUP". The Irish Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.; O'Connor, Amy (30 August 2019). "Electric Picnic 2019: Jehovah's Witnesses, Daniel and Majella, and a Child of Prague". The Irish Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
External links
- Crowley, Tony. "Northern Ireland murals containing the word "lá"". Murals of Northern Ireland. Claremont Colleges. Retrieved 30 March 2011.