Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam: Difference between revisions
Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.1) (Balon Greyjoy) |
|||
Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
==Early life== |
==Early life== |
||
Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam was born in 1905 in the town of [[Rudnik nad Sanem|Rudnik]], Poland. He was a great-grandson (through the direct male line) of Rabbi [[Chaim Halberstam]] of Sanz (the ''Divrei Chaim''), one of the great Hasidic leaders of Polish Jewry, and a grandson of the [[Gorlitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Gorlitzer]] Rebbe, Rabbi [[Sanz#Sanz-Klausenburg|Baruch Halberstam]] (1829–1906).<ref>{{cite web |url= |
Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam was born in 1905 in the town of [[Rudnik nad Sanem|Rudnik]], Poland. He was a great-grandson (through the direct male line) of Rabbi [[Chaim Halberstam]] of Sanz (the ''Divrei Chaim''), one of the great Hasidic leaders of Polish Jewry, and a grandson of the [[Gorlitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Gorlitzer]] Rebbe, Rabbi [[Sanz#Sanz-Klausenburg|Baruch Halberstam]] (1829–1906).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hamodia.com/inthepaper.cfm?ArticleID=782 |title=Carrying the Torch of Chachmei Yisrael: Harav Boruch Dov Povarsky of Ponevezh, shlita, and Harav Eliyahu Shmuel Schmerler, shlita |last=Freund |first=Rabbi Tuvia |accessdate=December 28, 2010 |work=[[Hamodia]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144300/http://www.hamodia.com/inthepaper.cfm?ArticleID=782 |archivedate=July 21, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> His father, Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Halberstam, the Rav of Rudnik, instilled in the young Yekusiel Yehudah a love of Hasidut and Torah scholarship, sharing with him stories of how the Divrei Chaim learned, prayed and conducted his ''[[Tish (Hasidic celebration)|tish]]'' ([[Shabbat]] and [[Jewish holiday]] celebratory table). |
||
When Yekusiel Yehudah was 13, his father died. Afterwards he studied with other leading Hasidic rebbes, including Rabbi Meir Yehiel of [[Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski|Ostrovtza]], Rabbi [[Chaim Elazar Shapiro]] (the Munkatcher Rebbe), and his great-uncle, Rabbi Shalom Eliezer Halberstam of [[Ujfeherto|Ratzfert]]. During this period, Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah became known as the "''ilui'' ("genius") of Rudnik,". In later years he would periodically return to Rudnik to visit his followers, who remained loyal to him even after the appointment of his first cousin Rabbi Benyumin Teitelbaum-Halberstam as Rav in 1924. |
When Yekusiel Yehudah was 13, his father died. Afterwards he studied with other leading Hasidic rebbes, including Rabbi Meir Yehiel of [[Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski|Ostrovtza]], Rabbi [[Chaim Elazar Shapiro]] (the Munkatcher Rebbe), and his great-uncle, Rabbi Shalom Eliezer Halberstam of [[Ujfeherto|Ratzfert]]. During this period, Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah became known as the "''ilui'' ("genius") of Rudnik,". In later years he would periodically return to Rudnik to visit his followers, who remained loyal to him even after the appointment of his first cousin Rabbi Benyumin Teitelbaum-Halberstam as Rav in 1924. |
||
Line 101: | Line 101: | ||
The Rebbe moved permanently to Israel in 1960, settling in Netanya and directing both the community there and in Williamsburg. He also founded [[beth midrash|battei medrash]] and schools in other cities in Israel, and established the [[Kiryat Sanz, Jerusalem|Kiryat Sanz]] neighborhood of [[Jerusalem]] as well. |
The Rebbe moved permanently to Israel in 1960, settling in Netanya and directing both the community there and in Williamsburg. He also founded [[beth midrash|battei medrash]] and schools in other cities in Israel, and established the [[Kiryat Sanz, Jerusalem|Kiryat Sanz]] neighborhood of [[Jerusalem]] as well. |
||
In 1968 he founded another Sanz community in [[Union City, New Jersey]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |url=http://www.thejewishpress.com/displaycontent_new.cfm?contentid=28141&contentname=My_Machberes&mode=a |title=The current Zvhiler Rebbe is a son-in-law of Rabbi Yekusiel Yehuda Halberstam, zt"l (1904–1994), Klausenberg Rebbe and founder of the Union City community |work=[[The Jewish Press]] |date=January 3, 2008 |accessdate=July 1, 2008}}</ref> and afterwards divided his time between that community and his residence in Netanya.<ref name=daughters/> |
In 1968 he founded another Sanz community in [[Union City, New Jersey]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |url=http://www.thejewishpress.com/displaycontent_new.cfm?contentid=28141&contentname=My_Machberes&mode=a |title=The current Zvhiler Rebbe is a son-in-law of Rabbi Yekusiel Yehuda Halberstam, zt"l (1904–1994), Klausenberg Rebbe and founder of the Union City community |work=[[The Jewish Press]] |date=January 3, 2008 |accessdate=July 1, 2008 }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and afterwards divided his time between that community and his residence in Netanya.<ref name=daughters/> |
||
===Laniado Hospital=== |
===Laniado Hospital=== |
||
Line 111: | Line 111: | ||
<blockquote>I was saved from the gas chambers, saved from Hitler. I spent several years in Nazi death camps. Besides the fact that they murdered my wife and 11 children, my mother, my sisters and my brother – of my whole family, some 150 people, I was the only one who survived – I witnessed their cruelty. I remember as if it were today how they shot me in the arm. I was afraid to go to the Nazi infirmary, though there were doctors there. I knew that if I went in, I'd never come out alive. … Despite my fear of the Nazis, I plucked a leaf from a tree and stuck it to my wound to stanch the bleeding. Then I cut a branch and tied it around the wound to hold it in place. With God's help, it healed in three days. Then I promised myself that if, with God's help, I got well and got out of there, away from those ''resha'im'' (wicked people), I would build a hospital in [[Land of Israel|Eretz Yisrael]] where every human being would be cared for with dignity. And the basis of that hospital would be that the doctors and nurses would believe that there is a God in this world and that when they treat a patient, they are fulfilling the greatest [[mitzvah]] in the Torah.<ref name=hall>Hall, J. (1 February 2006). "The Hospital With a Jewish Heart". ''[[Hamodia]]'' Magazine, pp. 12–13, 17.</ref></blockquote> |
<blockquote>I was saved from the gas chambers, saved from Hitler. I spent several years in Nazi death camps. Besides the fact that they murdered my wife and 11 children, my mother, my sisters and my brother – of my whole family, some 150 people, I was the only one who survived – I witnessed their cruelty. I remember as if it were today how they shot me in the arm. I was afraid to go to the Nazi infirmary, though there were doctors there. I knew that if I went in, I'd never come out alive. … Despite my fear of the Nazis, I plucked a leaf from a tree and stuck it to my wound to stanch the bleeding. Then I cut a branch and tied it around the wound to hold it in place. With God's help, it healed in three days. Then I promised myself that if, with God's help, I got well and got out of there, away from those ''resha'im'' (wicked people), I would build a hospital in [[Land of Israel|Eretz Yisrael]] where every human being would be cared for with dignity. And the basis of that hospital would be that the doctors and nurses would believe that there is a God in this world and that when they treat a patient, they are fulfilling the greatest [[mitzvah]] in the Torah.<ref name=hall>Hall, J. (1 February 2006). "The Hospital With a Jewish Heart". ''[[Hamodia]]'' Magazine, pp. 12–13, 17.</ref></blockquote> |
||
In 1958, he laid the cornerstone for a community hospital to be run according to the strictest standards of [[Halakha]]. He petitioned the authorities for a building permit, but was not granted one until the left-wing [[Health Minister of Israel|Minister of Health]] left office in 1962 and the Health Ministry was given to a religious party. Halberstam spent 15 years raising funds to build the hospital, which would come to be named [[Laniado Hospital]], after the Laniado brothers, two bankers from [[Switzerland]] whose estate provided a $300,000 donation for the Rebbe.<ref name=hall/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aish.com/jw/s/48882332.html|title=No Strike At Laniado |first=Jonathan|last=Rosenblum|authorlink=Jonathan Rosenblum|date=26 August 2000|accessdate=24 October 2013|work=[[Aish HaTorah|Aish.com]]}}</ref> The hospital's first building, an [[outpatient clinic]], opened in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.en.laniado.org.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94&Itemid=85 |title= Sanz Medical Center – Laniado Hospital Timeline |publisher=Sanz Medical Center – Laniado Hospital|accessdate=December 25, 2010}}</ref> In the next few years, a [[maternity ward]], [[emergency room]], [[internal medicine]] department, a [[cardiology]] unit, and an [[intensive-care unit]] opened. The hospital continued to expand, and today encompasses two medical centers, a children’s hospital, a geriatric center and a nursing school, serving a regional population of over 450,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laniado.co.uk/about-laniado.html |title=About the Hospital |publisher=British Friends of Laniado Hospital |accessdate=December 28, 2010}}</ref> The Rebbe continued to plan and supervise the expansion of the hospital until his death in 1994. |
In 1958, he laid the cornerstone for a community hospital to be run according to the strictest standards of [[Halakha]]. He petitioned the authorities for a building permit, but was not granted one until the left-wing [[Health Minister of Israel|Minister of Health]] left office in 1962 and the Health Ministry was given to a religious party. Halberstam spent 15 years raising funds to build the hospital, which would come to be named [[Laniado Hospital]], after the Laniado brothers, two bankers from [[Switzerland]] whose estate provided a $300,000 donation for the Rebbe.<ref name=hall/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aish.com/jw/s/48882332.html|title=No Strike At Laniado |first=Jonathan|last=Rosenblum|authorlink=Jonathan Rosenblum|date=26 August 2000|accessdate=24 October 2013|work=[[Aish HaTorah|Aish.com]]}}</ref> The hospital's first building, an [[outpatient clinic]], opened in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.en.laniado.org.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94&Itemid=85 |title= Sanz Medical Center – Laniado Hospital Timeline |publisher= Sanz Medical Center – Laniado Hospital |accessdate= December 25, 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://archive.is/20120731041118/http://www.en.laniado.org.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94&Itemid=85 |archivedate= July 31, 2012 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> In the next few years, a [[maternity ward]], [[emergency room]], [[internal medicine]] department, a [[cardiology]] unit, and an [[intensive-care unit]] opened. The hospital continued to expand, and today encompasses two medical centers, a children’s hospital, a geriatric center and a nursing school, serving a regional population of over 450,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laniado.co.uk/about-laniado.html |title=About the Hospital |publisher=British Friends of Laniado Hospital |accessdate=December 28, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112171513/http://www.laniado.co.uk/about-laniado.html |archivedate=November 12, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Rebbe continued to plan and supervise the expansion of the hospital until his death in 1994. |
||
==''Mifal HaShas''== |
==''Mifal HaShas''== |
Revision as of 17:15, 7 January 2018
This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (August 2014) |
Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam | |
---|---|
Title | Klausenburger Rebbe |
Personal | |
Born | |
Died | June 18, 1994 Netanya, Israel | (aged 89)
Religion | Judaism |
Parent |
|
Jewish leader | |
Successor | Rabbi Zvi Elimelech Halberstam |
Dynasty | Klausenburg |
Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam (January 10, 1905 – June 18, 1994) was an Orthodox rabbi and the founding Rebbe of the Sanz-Klausenburg Hasidic dynasty.
Halberstam became one of the youngest rebbes in Europe, leading thousands of followers in the town of
Early life
Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam was born in 1905 in the town of
When Yekusiel Yehudah was 13, his father died. Afterwards he studied with other leading Hasidic rebbes, including Rabbi Meir Yehiel of
In 1921, Halberstam married his second cousin, Chana Teitelbaum, the daughter of Rabbi
In 1927, at the age of 22 and at the behest of his distant uncle
Halberstam's reputation spread throughout Romania and Hungary, and even reached Israel. In 1937 Halberstam was offered a seat on the Jerusalem rabbinical court. Uncertain as to whether he should accept the seat or stay with his community, Halberstam wrote to his mother in Rudnik for advice. She advised him to stay where he was, saying he was too young to accept such a position.
Holocaust period
When World War II broke out, the Jews of Hungary and Romania were not immediately affected by the German offensive against Polish and Lithuanian Jewry. However, local anti-Semitism flourished. Following the Second Vienna Award of September 1940, Transylvania, previously given to Romania in the post World War I Trianon Treaty, was partitioned between Hungary and Romania. Northern Transylvania, including Kolozsvár (in Hungarian; Cluj in Romanian and Klausenburg in German and קלויזנבורג in Yiddish) was now part of Hungary, Germany's new Axis ally. The strongly Hasidic and Orthodox Jewish communities of Transylvania such as Klausenburg or Satmar were now under the authority of the government in Budapest.
In 1941, a new law required all Jews living in Hungary to prove that their family had lived in and paid taxes in Hungary back to 1851. Suddenly thousands of Jews, including the Rebbe (who was born in Poland), were placed in jeopardy. The Rebbe, his wife and eleven children were arrested and brought to
Despite the danger, the Rebbe refused to leave his followers and made no effort to save himself from further searches. Instead, he threw himself into helping refugees from Nazi-occupied lands and tending to his followers. Between 1941 and 1944, the Rebbe never stopped studying Torah and praying for the Jewish people.
On March 19, 1944 the Germans invaded Hungary and
Auschwitz
About a month after the Rebbe's arrival, the Arrow Cross took over Hungary. The inmates underwent selection, and He was ferried to the Auschwitz labor camp. Several months beforehand, the Rebbe's wife and nine of their children who remained with her were also sent to Auschwitz on a transport from Klausenburg. They did not survive. Halberstam, however, survived Auschwitz, and was later released.
He attempted to remain fully observant in the inhuman conditions and to encourage his fellow prisoners. He never touched non-
In late 1944, a year and half after the
This time the Rebbe did not shave his beard, which is considered a mark of holiness for Hasidim. He wrapped his beard and face in a handkerchief, pretending he had a toothache. This charade was accompanied by the fact that he cried all day as he worked, praying and communing with God.
When the prisoners began to hear rumors that their labor detail was about to be liquidated, they decided to try to escape rather than let the Nazis kill them. However, the Rebbe encouraged them to adopt a "wait and see" attitude. In response to one plan, in which prisoners would storm the camp gates and make a run for the forest, where they would connect with partisans, the Rebbe advised, "Until we see that the Nazis are about to exterminate us, it is prohibited for anyone to sacrifice his life and put himself in a situation of certain death. But one must remain vigilant, and as soon as it becomes clear that the Nazis are ready to attack us, we must do everything in our power to rise up against them." The prisoners decided to follow his advice. Some time later, after most of the prisoners had been transported from Warsaw, 500 remaining prisoners did stage a revolt. The Nazis killed every one of them.
As the Russian Army moved closer to Poland, the Germans decided to liquidate the special ghetto-clearing unit of which Halberstam was a member. All the prisoners were taken to a field outside of Warsaw, told to undress and stand near open pits, where soldiers prepared to machine-gun them. At the last moment, however, a car sped into the field. A high-ranking officer jumped out and communicated the special order from Berlin to stop the execution and send the prisoners to the Dachau concentration camp, where they were needed as slave laborers.
This unexpected reprieve, however, led to a brutal death march: for the next week, the prisoners were forced by SS soldiers wielding wooden clubs and steel bars to march 21 miles a day at top speed. In the blazing July heat, the emaciated prisoners were deprived of food and water and allowed to rest only at night. Those who couldn't keep up were shot.
On the third day, strained to the length of their endurance, the group was finally brought to rest for the night in a field surrounded by SS officers. As the guards slept, the Rebbe passed the word around: "Everyone should dig beneath himself. God's salvation comes in the blink of an eye." Each prisoner began to dig with his fingers, spoons, or pieces of wood. Remarkably, each found water, and small springs began to pop up everywhere, quenching everyone's thirst and giving them new life. Many years later, the Rebbe explained why he himself didn't drink from the water because the date was 9th Av, a traditional day of fasting to commemorate the destruction of the temple.[citation needed]
On the fifth day, the surviving marchers were packed into cattle cars for the rest of the journey to Dachau. Over the next few days, many succumbed to the overcrowding, lack of water, stench and heat in the cattle cars. Of the 6000 that set out on the death march, less than 2000 made it to Dachau alive. The Rebbe was one of the survivors.
Muldorf
From Dachau, the Rebbe was dispatched to the Muldorf Forest, where the Nazis were building an underground airport, hangar and missile batteries in order to bomb major European cities. He and thousands of other prisoners were forced to work 12-hour shifts, carrying 110-pound bags of cement from the rail depot to the cement mixers inside the hangar. Halberstam grew very weak from this difficult work. When he collapsed under his burden, he was beaten. He refused to work at all on Shabbat, which brought on more beatings. Finally, his friends persuaded the camp managers to give him to the job of camp custodian, allowing him to sweep and tidy the barracks while engaging in prayer the entire day.
Despite the hardships and privations, Halberstam was a beacon of strength and hope for his fellow prisoners. When one died in the infirmary—hardly a noteworthy occurrence in those days—the Rebbe stood up and eulogized him for having been a great Torah scholar in Hungary. He refused to eat non-kosher food or food cooked in the non-kosher kitchen, subsisting only on bread and water during his nine months in Muldorf. Moreover, he would not eat the bread until he had ritually washed his hands, and would often wait for days to find some water for this purpose. One prisoner watched him stand beside the cement mixer for hours at a time, collecting the drops of water that dripped from the tank.
As the war wound down in spring 1945, the Germans disbanded the Muldorf camp and sent the inmate population on yet another death march, chasing them from place to place without food or rest. Sometimes they were loaded aboard rail cars and driven to and fro. On Friday, April 27, the train suddenly stopped in a small town and SS officers jumped aboard, declaring, "You are free!" and ripping the insignia from their uniforms. Many prisoners believed them and jumped off the train. But Halberstam told the people around him, "Today is the eve of Shabbat. Where will we go?" Then he added, "My heart tells me that not everything here is as it should be." Suddenly, SS soldiers rode in on bicycles from all directions, firing machine guns and killing hundreds of people. At the same time, American bombers dove in, strafing the field. Only Halberstam and those who stayed with him on the train escaped injury. Two days later, their real liberation came when the train stopped near a village and the Nazi guards deserted them. American soldiers boarded the train with smiles, candy and chocolates.
The group was brought to the
Halberstam's wife and ten of his children were murdered by the Nazis during World War II. His eldest son survived the war, but succumbed to illness in a nearby DP camp before his father even knew that he had survived. Yet Halberstam never complained of his lot, and avoided depression by reaching out to others. He spent much time listening to and comforting people of all ages, and brought hundreds of people back to religious observance through his passionate public speeches.
In the DP camps
In fall 1945, Halberstam moved to the new DP camp of
On
In spring 1946 the Rebbe made a special fund-raising trip to New York on behalf of She'eris HaPleita, raising $100,000, a huge sum in those days. That fall, he embarked on another fund-raising trip and decided to eventually resettle in New York to strengthen the American Jewish community there and to continue working for Holocaust survivors from that side of the Atlantic. He came to the United States on the Marine Marlin, and recruited a number of orphans to come and learn in his Yeshiva on the boat ride to the United States. He established his court in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York, in 1947.[2]
Remarriage
On Friday, August 22, 1947,
Although the Klausenberger Rebbe had gone to great lengths to allow agunos and widowers to remarry after the Holocaust, relying on testimonies from people who had seen their spouses being led "to the left" in the Nazi selections rather than documented evidence, the Rebbe did not rely on the testimonies of his first wife's death. Instead, he sought the approval of 100 rabbis and sat on the ground for half an hour in mourning for his first wife before he remarried.[3]
He and his second wife had five daughters and two sons. His sons, Rabbi Zvi Elimelech Halberstam and Rabbi Shmuel Dovid Halberstam, succeeded him, respectively, as Sanzer Rebbe of Netanya and Klausenberger-Sanz Rebbe of New York.
Kiryat Sanz, Netanya
The Rebbe's decision to move to the United States was not a permanent one. Throughout his travails in the Holocaust, he always had in mind the goal of settling in Israel. Toward that end, he established the Kiryat Sanz neighborhood in the beachside city of Netanya in 1958.[2] In so doing, he was the first Rebbe to establish a Haredi neighborhood in an Israeli development town. Over the next few years, he raised money for the establishment of key neighborhood institutions, including girls' and boys' schools and yeshivas, an orphanage, and an old-age home.[2]
The Rebbe moved permanently to Israel in 1960, settling in Netanya and directing both the community there and in Williamsburg. He also founded battei medrash and schools in other cities in Israel, and established the Kiryat Sanz neighborhood of Jerusalem as well.
In 1968 he founded another Sanz community in Union City, New Jersey,[4] and afterwards divided his time between that community and his residence in Netanya.[2]
Laniado Hospital
The Rebbe is known for having established Laniado Hospital, a voluntary, not-for-profit 484-bed hospital in Kiryat Sanz, Netanya. The hospital is run according to Jewish law.
The vision for establishing the hospital originated during the Holocaust. At the cornerstone-laying for the second building in 1980, he told the assemblage in Yiddish:
I was saved from the gas chambers, saved from Hitler. I spent several years in Nazi death camps. Besides the fact that they murdered my wife and 11 children, my mother, my sisters and my brother – of my whole family, some 150 people, I was the only one who survived – I witnessed their cruelty. I remember as if it were today how they shot me in the arm. I was afraid to go to the Nazi infirmary, though there were doctors there. I knew that if I went in, I'd never come out alive. … Despite my fear of the Nazis, I plucked a leaf from a tree and stuck it to my wound to stanch the bleeding. Then I cut a branch and tied it around the wound to hold it in place. With God's help, it healed in three days. Then I promised myself that if, with God's help, I got well and got out of there, away from those resha'im (wicked people), I would build a hospital in Eretz Yisrael where every human being would be cared for with dignity. And the basis of that hospital would be that the doctors and nurses would believe that there is a God in this world and that when they treat a patient, they are fulfilling the greatest mitzvah in the Torah.[5]
In 1958, he laid the cornerstone for a community hospital to be run according to the strictest standards of
Mifal HaShas
In addition to his achievements in rebuilding the Sanz-Klausenberg dynasty and establishing many communal institutions, one of the Rebbe's most far-reaching accomplishments was his establishment of "Mifal HaShas" ("Talmud Factory") in 1982. This worldwide project encourages thousands of Jewish men and boys to study copious amounts of Talmud and Shulchan Aruch and complete written tests on 20–30 pages per month in return for a monthly stipend. Mifal HaShas continues to operate today worldwide. The Israeli and European operations are under the leadership of Rabbi Zvi Elimelech Halberstam, the Rebbe's oldest son and current Sanz-Klausenberger Rebbe of Israel. The North American operations are under the leadership of Rabbi Samuel David Halberstam, the Rebbe's other son and current Sanz-Klausenberger Rebbe of Brooklyn.
The Rebbe recorded his Torah novellae in Shefa Chayim and She'eilos Uteshuvos Divrei Yatziv.
Halberstam died on June 18, 1994, and was buried in Netanya. In his will, he divided leadership of the Sanzer Hasidim between his two sons, His elder son, Zvi Elimelech Halberstam, became the Sanz-Klausenberger Rebbe (also known as the Sanzer Rebbe) of Netanya; Samuel David Halberstam became the Sanz-Klausenberger Rebbe of Brooklyn.
Prophecy of Mumbai attack
After the 2008 Mumbai attacks it had become very widely discussed among Orthodox Jews that the event was propheciesed by the Rebbe in 1981 in an audio-recorded lecture.[9]
See also
- Haredi Judaism
- Hasidic Judaism
- Klausenberg (Hasidic dynasty)
- Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)
References
- ^ Freund, Rabbi Tuvia. "Carrying the Torch of Chachmei Yisrael: Harav Boruch Dov Povarsky of Ponevezh, shlita, and Harav Eliyahu Shmuel Schmerler, shlita". Hamodia. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference
daughters
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Landesman, Yeruchem. The Wedding that Changed Despair to Hope. Mishpacha, November 11, 2009, pp. 30–34.
- ^ Tannenbaum, Rabbi Gershon (January 3, 2008). "The current Zvhiler Rebbe is a son-in-law of Rabbi Yekusiel Yehuda Halberstam, zt"l (1904–1994), Klausenberg Rebbe and founder of the Union City community". The Jewish Press. Retrieved July 1, 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Hall, J. (1 February 2006). "The Hospital With a Jewish Heart". Hamodia Magazine, pp. 12–13, 17.
- ^ Rosenblum, Jonathan (August 26, 2000). "No Strike At Laniado". Aish.com. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
- ^ "Sanz Medical Center – Laniado Hospital Timeline". Sanz Medical Center – Laniado Hospital. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "About the Hospital". British Friends of Laniado Hospital. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved December 28, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Audio of Klausenberger Rebbe 1981: One Jew In India, Gruntig! blog, Wednesday, December 3, 2008
Sources
- Lifschitz, Judah. The Klausenberger Rebbe: The War Years. ISBN 1-56871-219-7
- Rabinowicz, Tzvi M. Hasidism in Israel: A History of the Hasidic Movement and Its Masters in the Holy Land. New York: ISBN 0-7657-6068-1