Shah Jalal: Difference between revisions

Shah Jalal
Shah Jalal
Personal
Born	1271 CE; Sufi
Muslim leader
Based in	Sylhet
Period in office	Late 13th century to early 14th century
Predecessor	S. Ahmed Kabir
Successor	Shah Paran
Post	Sufi saint and mystic

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Revision as of 03:15, 20 January 2018

Shāh Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mujarrad al-Naqshbandi (

Persia, Central Asia and South Asia. According to a tablet inscription found in Amberkhana, he arrived at Sylhet in 1303 CE.^[1] The largest airport in Bangladesh, Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport

, is named after him.

History

His biography was first recorded in the mid 16th century by a certain Shaikh 'Ali (d. 1562), a descendant of one of Shah Jalal's companions. Thus there is a gap of several centuries between the life of the saint and that of his earliest biographer. According to this account, Shah Jalal had been born in

Central Asian Sufi tradition.^[2]

Therefore, although his existence is not debated, much of his life story is debated.

Early life and education

Born Jalāl ad-Dīn bin Mahmoud and became a

hafiz and mastered fiqh. He achieved spiritual perfection (Kamaliyyat) after 30 years of study, practice and meditation.^[4]

Travel to India

According to legend, one day his uncle, Sheikh Kabir gave Shah Jalal a handful of soil and asked him to travel to India. He instructed him to choose to settle and propagate Islam in any place in India where the soil exactly matches that which he gave him in smell and colour.^[5] Shah Jalal journeyed eastward and reached India in c. 1300, where he met many great scholars and Sufi mystics.^[5]

Later life

During the later stages of his life, Shah Jalal devoted himself to propagating Islam. Shah Jalal became so renowned that the famous traveller

Satgaon,^[6] made a one-month journey through the mountains of Kamarupa north-east of Sylhet to meet him.^[7] On his way to Sylhet via Habung, Ibn Batuta was greeted by several of Shah Jalal's disciples who had come to assist him on his journey many days before he had arrived. At the meeting in 1345 CE, Ibn Batuta noted that Shah Jalal was tall and lean, fair in complexion and lived by the mosque in a cave, where his only item of value was a goat he kept for milk, butter, and yogurt. He observed that the companions of the Shah Jalal were foreign and known for their strength and bravery. He also mentions that many people would visit the Shah to seek guidance.^[8]

The meeting between Ibn Batuta and Shah Jalal is described in his Arabic travelogue,

Hadramaut, Yemen, Shah Jalal's name is established in folklore.^[9]

The exact date of his death is debated, but he is reported by Ibn Batuta to have died on 20 Dhul Qadah 746 AH (15 March 1346 CE).[10] He left behind no descendants and was buried in Sylhet in his dargah (tomb), which is located in a neighbourhood now known as Dargah Mahalla:

Where he lies, a soul eternal, The much-loved awliya of Allah, Hazrat Shah Jalal.^[11]।

His shrine is famous in Sylhet and throughout Bangladesh, with hundreds of devotees visiting daily. The largest mosque in Sylhet was built at the Dargah (also one of the largest in Bangladesh).

Spiritual genealogy

Spiritual genealogy of Shah Jalal is as follows:

Prophet Muhammad
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Hasan al-Basri
Habib al-Ajami
Maruf Karkhi
Sirri Saqti
Sheikh Mamshad Dinnuri
Sheikh Ahmad Aswad Dinnuri^[12]
Sheikh Abu Muhammad Amwiya
Sheikh Azi Uddin Shohrawardi
Sheikh Abu Nazib Ziauddin
Sheikh Hisab Al-Din
Sheikh Makhdum
Baha-ud-din Zakariya
Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
Sheikh Ahmad Kabir Suhrawardi
Shah Jalal^[13]
Shah Paran

Eponyms

Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladeshi public university located in Sylhet
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, Bangladeshi airport in Dhaka; nation's largest international gateway
Shahjalal Fertiliser Factory, Bangladeshi fertiliser factory
Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited, Bangladeshi bank
Shahjalal Jam-e Mosque, a mosque in UK
Shahjalal Disability Institute, an institute in Sylhet

References

^ Ahmed, Shamsuddin, Inscription of Bengal, vol. iv, Dhaka (1960), p 25
^ Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 (PDF). Berkeley: University of California Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2016. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Rahman, M. F., Hazrat Shah Jalal and 360 Awliya, Deshkaal Publications, Sylhet, 1992, p.12-13
^ Islam in South Asia in practice source of shuhel-e-yamani By Barbara Daly Metcalf, Published by – Princeton universiti press, 2009. Page 385 [1]
^ ^a ^b Karim, Abdul (2012). "Shah Jalal (R)". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
^ Hazrat Shah Jalal O Sylhet er Itihas by Syed Mujtaba Ali, re-published by Utsa Prakashan, Dhaka, 1988, p.60
^ Rihla 9, 1344
^ Islam in South Asia in practice By – Barbara Daly Metcalf, Published – Princeton university press Uk 2009, Page 383 – 385.
^ The rise of Islam and the Bengal frontier, 1204–1760, By Richard Maxwell Eaton, Published by – university of california press, page 76
^ Rahman, M. F., Hazrat Shah Jalal and 360 Awliya, p.13, Deshkaal Publications, Sylhet, 1992
^ Ziaul Haque, Md., Hazrat Shah Jalal (R.A): An Epic, p.114, Choitonno Publication, Sylhet, 2015
^ Systems, Cognitive (8 April 2012). "The seven golden chains of Shaykh Muhammad Siraj ad-Din Naqshbandi (d.1915)". Ghaffari. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
^ Islam in South Asia in practice, By Barbara Daly Metcalf, Published by Princeton universiti press.

External links

Shaykh Shah Jalal

[1] Ahmed, Shamsuddin, Inscription of Bengal, vol. iv, Dhaka (1960), p 25

[2] Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 (PDF). Berkeley: University of California Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2016. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[3] Rahman, M. F., Hazrat Shah Jalal and 360 Awliya, Deshkaal Publications, Sylhet, 1992, p.12-13

[4] Islam in South Asia in practice source of shuhel-e-yamani By Barbara Daly Metcalf, Published by – Princeton universiti press, 2009. Page 385 [1]

[Banglapedia-5] Karim, Abdul (2012). "Shah Jalal (R)". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

[6] Hazrat Shah Jalal O Sylhet er Itihas by Syed Mujtaba Ali, re-published by Utsa Prakashan, Dhaka, 1988, p.60

[7] Rihla 9, 1344

[8] Islam in South Asia in practice By – Barbara Daly Metcalf, Published – Princeton university press Uk 2009, Page 383 – 385.

[9] The rise of Islam and the Bengal frontier, 1204–1760, By Richard Maxwell Eaton, Published by – university of california press, page 76

[10] Rahman, M. F., Hazrat Shah Jalal and 360 Awliya, p.13, Deshkaal Publications, Sylhet, 1992

[11] Ziaul Haque, Md., Hazrat Shah Jalal (R.A): An Epic, p.114, Choitonno Publication, Sylhet, 2015

[12] Systems, Cognitive (8 April 2012). "The seven golden chains of Shaykh Muhammad Siraj ad-Din Naqshbandi (d.1915)". Ghaffari. Retrieved 9 July 2017.

[13] Islam in South Asia in practice, By Barbara Daly Metcalf, Published by Princeton universiti press.

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 ==History==
-His biography was first recorded in the mid 16th century by a certain Shaikh 'Ali (d. 1562), a descendant of one of Shah Jalal's companions. Thus there is a gap of several centuries between the life of the saint and that of his earliest biographer. According to this account, Shah Jalal had been born in [[Turkestan]], where he became a spiritual disciple of Saiyid Ahmad Yasawi, one of the founders of the [[Central Asian]] Sufi tradition.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |date=1993 |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 |url=http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/history-travel/Eaton,%20Richard%20-%20The%20Rise%20of%20Islam%20and%20the%20Bengal%20Frontier.pdf |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press}}</ref> Therefore, although his existence is not debated, much of his life story is debated.
+His biography was first recorded in the mid 16th century by a certain Shaikh 'Ali (d. 1562), a descendant of one of Shah Jalal's companions. Thus there is a gap of several centuries between the life of the saint and that of his earliest biographer. According to this account, Shah Jalal had been born in [[Turkestan]], where he became a spiritual disciple of Saiyid Ahmad Yasawi, one of the founders of the [[Central Asian]] Sufi tradition.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |date=1993 |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 |url=http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/history-travel/Eaton,%20Richard%20-%20The%20Rise%20of%20Islam%20and%20the%20Bengal%20Frontier.pdf |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621201955/http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/history-travel/Eaton%2C%20Richard%20-%20The%20Rise%20of%20Islam%20and%20the%20Bengal%20Frontier.pdf |archivedate=21 June 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Therefore, although his existence is not debated, much of his life story is debated.
 ==Early life and education==