Steam Deck

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with
Stream Deck
.

Steam Deck
IPS LCD @ 60 Hz
OLED model: 7.4-inch, 1280 × 800 Touchscreen HDR OLED @ 90 Hz
GraphicsAMD RDNA 2 w/ 8x CUs,
variable frequency @ 1.0 – 1.6 GHz
(Up to 1.6
Wh
(Whole device max power draw = 25W
APU TDP = 4 - 15W)
5200 mAh
Online servicesSteam
Dimensions298 mm × 117 mm × 49 mm (11.7 in × 4.6 in × 1.9 in)
Mass669 grams (1.475 lb)
Websitewww.steamdeck.com

The Steam Deck is a

TV or monitor through a docking station and be used like a desktop computer or home video game console. In desktop mode, users can install third-party applications for Linux
.

History

Valve's

chicken and egg problem with the Steam Machine", as it required the adoption of Linux by both players and game developers to reach a critical interest in the machines to draw manufacturers in making them.[2] The lack of Linux game availability during the lifetime of Steam Machines led Valve to invest development into Proton, a Linux compatibility layer to allow Windows–based games to be run on Linux without modification.[2] Some of the early prototypes of Valve's Steam Controller, also released in 2015, included a small LCD screen within the middle of the controller which could be programmed as a second screen alongside the game that the user was playing. One idea from this prototype was to include the Steam Link, a device capable of streaming game content from a computer running Steam to a different monitor, here routing that output to the small LCD on the controller. This was later considered by Valve a very early concept behind the Steam Deck.[2] Further, their experience with trying to convince other manufacturers to produce Steam Machines led Valve to realize that it was better to develop all their hardware internally. Dalton said, "More and more it just became kind of clear, the more of this we are doing internally, the more we can kind of make a complete package."[2] Rumors that Valve was working on a portable gaming unit had emerged in May 2021, based on updates made within the Steam code pointing towards a new "SteamPal" device, and comments made by Gabe Newell related to Valve developing games for consoles. Ars Technica had been able to confirm that new hardware was in development at Valve.[3]

Valve revealed the Steam Deck on July 15, 2021. The Deck, existing in three different models based on internal storage options, was shipped starting in February 2022 in North America and Europe, with other regions to follow throughout the year.[4][5] Valve's CEO, Gabe Newell, said of the Steam Deck's approach, "As a gamer, this is a product I've always wanted. And as a game developer, it's the mobile device I've always wanted for our partners."[6] According to Newell, they wanted to be "very aggressive" on the release and pricing strategy as they considered the mobile market as their primary competitor for the Deck. However, their focus was on the unit's performance; Newell stated, "But the first thing was the performance and the experience, [that] was the biggest and most fundamental constraint that was driving this."[7] Newell recognized that the base pricing was somewhat lower than expected and "painful", but necessary to meet the expectation of gamers that would want the Deck.[7] Newell continued that he believed this was a new product category of personal computer hardware that Valve and other computer manufacturers would continue to participate in if the Steam Deck proved successful, and thus it was necessary to keep the unit's price point reasonable to demonstrate viability.[8] The openness of the system was also a key feature according to Newell, as that is a defining "superpower" of the personal computer space over typical console systems. Newell did not want to have any limitations on what the end user could do with the hardware, such as installing alternate non-Steam software on it.[9]

As of December 2022,[needs update] Valve was pursuing improvements on the current Steam Deck design, including an audio mixer, per-game "power profiles", and some other performance improvements, as well as evaluating a second generation Steam Deck. Valve was also considering bringing some of the Steam Deck technology into a new Steam Controller 2.[10]

Valve announced two new Deck models to be available for purchase in November 2023, both with OLED screens, extended battery capacity, and improved cooling features, but otherwise no changes to internal components. These models replace two of the existing models.[11] Hardware designers for Valve stated that they would have wanted to include OLED screens for the original launch models, but at the time, OLED screens of sufficient size and quality did not yet exist on the market, and they would have had to delay release by 12 to 18 months if they had went that route.[12] Alongside the announcement of the OLED models, Valve stated they are working towards a Steam Deck 2 with overall system improvements including the CPU and GPU chips, but these systems will likely not be ready for two to three years.[13]

Hardware

LCD models

The original Steam Deck was launched in February 2022 and included a custom

RAM in a quad-channel configuration, with a total bandwidth of 88 GB/s.[16][18][14]

Close view of the Steam Deck directional pad, thumbstick, and portion of trackpad

The Deck's main unit is designed for handheld use. It includes a 7-inch (180 mm) touchscreen

LCD display with a 1280×800 pixel resolution with a fixed 60 Hz refresh rate; games are configured to use vertical synchronization where possible.[19] The unit's input set features two thumbsticks, a directional pad, ABXY buttons, two shoulder buttons on each side of the unit, four additional buttons on the rear of the unit, as well as two trackpads under each thumbstick.[4][15] The thumbsticks and trackpads use capacitive sensing, and the unit further includes a gyroscope to allow for more specialized controls on the handheld mode.[15] The unit also includes haptic feedback.[16]

The Deck supports

frames per second (FPS) more intensive games such as Portal 2 could be played for five to six hours.[20] The system's software includes an optional FPS limiter that balance a game's performance to optimize battery life.[19] At release, Steam Decks were only manufactured in a black casing to reduce the complexity of production, though Valve stated that they have considered introducing other case colors or themes in the future.[21] Valve partnered with iFixit to provide replacement parts for users.[22]

The unit shipped in three models based on internal storage options. The base model includes a 64 GB

microSDHC formats.[4][15]

As Valve considered options for bringing a handheld device to market, they set a priority that the device had to be able to play nearly the entirety of the Steam game catalogue, and rejected possible hardware that moved away from the standard

FidelityFX Super Resolution (FSR).[25] Though they do not have any current designs for a successor, Valve stated that there would likely be future iterations of the hardware in years to come, but the company expects the timing of releases to depend on the current state of processor technology and handheld device limitations rather than a regular upgrade cycle.[24]

OLED models

Two new models were released on November 16, 2023.[26] These models, with 512 GB and 1 TB of internal storage come in to replace the previous top of the line LCD variant. The 64 GB and 512 GB original units are now discontinued, with the 256 GB LCD version becoming the new base model. The new model upgrades include a larger 7.4 inches (19 cm) OLED 90 Hz display, Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.3 support, a battery with an estimated 25% improvement in capacity, and improved cooling.[11][27] The OLED deck includes a revised APU based on 6 nm processor production named Sephiroth, also based on the Final Fantasy VII character.[28]

In addition, a limited edition of the 1 TB model was released in North America exclusively, which has translucent plastic casing and selected orange colored components.[29][30]

Dock unit

A dock unit was released on October 6, 2022.

4k resolution at 120 Hz;[16] this resolution boost can also be achieved by attaching the Deck directly through a USB to HDMI adapter without the use of the docking station.[24] There is no other change in performance of the Steam Deck whether docked or when used in portable mode.[33] With SteamOS update 3.5.5, the dock unit was also made to support variable refresh rate monitors.[34] The dock also supports Ethernet network connectivity and support for USB connections for controllers or other input devices.[4] The Deck can also work with any third-party docking station that supports similar types of interfacing for portable devices.[20] External GPUs are not officially supported,[35] although testing via the M2 slot has demonstrated that eGPUs are capable of running when connected to the Deck.[36]

Software

Operating system

Screenshot of Neofetch showing Steam Deck specification

Steam Deck runs

application programming interface (API) specific for the Steam Deck is available to game developers, allowing a game to specify certain settings if it is being run on a Steam Deck compared to a normal computer.[38] Within the Steam storefront, developers can populate a special file depot for their game with lower-resolution textures and other reduced elements to allow their game to perform better on the Steam Deck; Steam automatically detects and downloads the appropriate files for the system (whether on a computer or Steam Deck) when the user installs the game.[14]

Interface

The library page for the Steam client used on the Steam Deck. The additional icons in the bottom right of the top left game image indicate the game is Steam Deck verified.

The Steam client on the Deck features a revised interface and functions different from the desktop client. Unlike Steam's Big Picture mode which was designed for use on television screens, which was treated as a separate software branch within Valve, the Deck version of the Steam client stays consistent with the desktop version, adding functions and interface elements to make navigating through Steam easier with controller input, and indicators typical for portable systems such as battery life and wireless connectivity.

keyboard and mouse controls.[24] Valve added to Steam's current approach to cloud saving with the introduction of Dynamic Cloud Sync in January 2022. Prior cloud functionality only synchronized game saves after the user has exited a game; developers can enable Dynamic Cloud Sync to use cloud saving while the game is running, making this feature more amenable for portable use on the Steam Deck.[14][44]

Games

The Deck displays compatible games from the Steam storefront. Games developed for Linux run natively. The SteamOS software includes support for

DLSS upscaling solution, it is not compatible with the Deck.[50]

Due to potential confusion on game compatibility, Valve introduced a process in October 2021 by which they brought in additional staff to review games on Steam in order to make sure a game is fully playable on the Steam Deck. Games that are confirmed to be compatible with the Steam Deck, including those with Proton and any middleware DRM solutions, that by default meet minimum performance specifications, are marked as "Verified". Games that may require some user tinkering with settings, such as having to use a system control to bring up the on-screen keyboard, are tagged as "Playable". Another category, "Unsupported", are games that Valve has tested to not be fully compatible with the Steam Deck, such as VR games or games using Windows-specific codecs that have not yet been made compatible with Proton. These ratings are to change over time as both the Steam Deck software improves as well as updates made by developers to games to improve compatibility with the Steam Deck software.[51][52]

Users download games onto the Steam Deck to store on either the internal storage or SD card, each storage device treated as a separate Steam Library for games. This allows SD cards with different Steam Libraries to be swapped in and out. Valve is exploring the ability to pre-load games on an SD card outside of the Deck, such as through a personal computer.

emulators to run games that users own from other consoles or computer systems.[59]

Third-party utilities

The operating software of the Steam Deck is open-source, allowing a range of third-party software tools to be developed to bring additional utility to the device. Examples include SteamOS plugin loader Decky,[60] emulation manager EmuDeck[61] and the batocera.linux distribution.[62]

Release

Pre-orders for the Steam Deck were opened a day after its announcement.[4] Pre-orders were limited to those with Steam accounts opened before June 2021, to prevent resellers from depleting stock and making the device more difficult to purchase.[4] First-day pre-order reservations through the Steam storefront briefly crashed the servers due to the demand.[63] By September 2021, development kits for the Steam Deck were shipping to developers.[64] For the planned release in Asian regions, Valve worked with Komodo to help with local production, localization, and distribution support.[65]

The Steam Deck was released on February 25, 2022, in North America and the European regions.

Windows are provided by Valve and AMD, but Valve does not provide support for them.[69] During the first few days of release, Newell himself directly delivered some of the first Steam Deck units to residents in the Seattle area.[70]

Due to its popularity, some pre-order purchasers were informed that later shipments of the 64 GB model and 256 GB NVMe models would be in Q2 2022 and the 512 GB NVMe model by Q3 2022.

ongoing global chip shortage, the device would fail to ship by December and instead would ship in February 2022, retaining the same order for delivery based on pre-order placement.[5]

By June 2022, Valve stated they were able to double the number of Steam Decks shipping out each week, helping to meet the initial reservations,[71] and by August 2022, Valve's production was outpacing expectations, allowing them to send out Steam Decks to consumers that were originally anticipated to ship in the final quarter of the year.[72] Valve was able to fulfill all reservations by October 2022, opening the Steam Deck to purchase without reservation, though Valve tentatively will return to a reservation system should demand be too high.[73]

In December 2022, the Steam Deck was officially released for sale in Asia.[74]

Reception

Critical reception

The initial reaction to the announcement of the Steam Deck was positive.

Tim Sweeney and Xbox Game Studios' Phil Spencer complimented Valve on the Steam Deck, with Sweeney calling it an "amazing move by Valve!"[75] Spencer congratulated Valve "on getting so many of us excited to be able to take our games with us wherever we decide to play".[76]

Many outlets compared the unit to that of the

Digital Foundry noted that while the Deck's hardware may be more powerful, game developers only developing games for the Windows operating system are not necessarily able to get low-level access to the CPU/GPU as developers working on the Switch due to the Proton compatibility layer.[79]

One of the main criticisms of the Steam Deck highlighted by multiple reviewers has been its battery life. Matt Hanson writing for TechRadar stated, "the battery life of the Steam Deck is pretty poor, with it just about managing one and a half hours while playing God of War [...] That's going to upset a lot of people who may have been planning on using the Steam Deck for long flights, for example" and that "it certainly makes this portable gaming system feel less ... well, portable."[80] Matt Miller of Game Informer called the device's battery life "punishingly low".[81] Steve Hogarty wrote in The Independent that "The battery life is by far the Steam deck's biggest weakness. The handheld PC chugs through juice like it's going out of fashion, with some graphically demanding games draining a full charge in as little as two hours of playtime."[82] Seth G. Macy wrote for IGN in very similar terms, saying, "Beyond that limitation, the biggest, most deflating issue I've had has been battery life. It's all over the place and probably the biggest reality check when it comes to realizing the dream of truly untethered PC gaming."[83] Richard Leadbetter of Eurogamer said he "can't help [but] feel that elements like fan noise and battery life can only be resolved with a revised processor on a more efficient process node."[84]

Sales

The research firm Omdia reported that the Steam Deck sold 1.62 million units in 2022.[85] Their report estimated that the Steam Deck would pass 3 million units sold since its launch sometime during 2023.[85] Through 2022 and most of 2023, the Deck had been one of the most popular purchases on the Steam storefront. Valve stated in November 2023 that they had sold "multiple millions" of the Steam Deck.[86]

See also

References

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External links

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