Stephanopogon

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Stephanopogon
Stephanopogon sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Excavata
Phylum:
Percolozoa
Class:
Percolatea
Order:
Pseudociliatida
Family:
Stephanopogonidae
Genus:
Stephanopogon

Entz 1884
Type species
Stephanopogon colpoda
Species

Stephanopogon is a genus of flagellated marine protist that superficially resembles a ciliate.

Characteristics

Stephanopogon closely resembles certain

micronuclei
as occurs in ciliates. They have a cosmopolitan distribution.

Light microscope image of living Stephanopogon

Classification

Because

ciliates, lacking their complex pellicle and infraciliature.[2] Further electron microscopical studies added details to the understanding of the cytological organization of Stephanopogon.[3][4] Yubuki and Leander demonstrated that Stephanopogon is closely related to Percolomonas within the Heterolobosea. The bases of the flagella in both genera are attached to an electron dense cytoskeletal material,[5] but it has been argued that this is not an apomorphy of the clade [6]

It has recently been included as a heterolosean in the class Percolatea, along with Percolomonas.[7]

The genus contains 7 species: S. apogon Borror, 1965, S. colpoda Entz, 1884, S. mesnili Lwoff, 1923, S. minuta Lei et al., 1999, S. mobilensis Jones et Owen, 1974, S. paramesnili Lei et al., 1999 and S. pattersoni Lee et al., 2014 [8]

Line drawing of oral and somatic cytoskeletal elements of Stephanopogon apogon showing, to the left, the opening of the mouth, and extending from it lines of flaglla that are attached to long strips of cytoskeletal material, and are anchored to the cell surface by cones of microtubules. Small sac-like organelles are associated with the oral region of the cell.

References

  1. ^ Corliss, J. O. 1979. The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature. Pergamon Press
  2. ^ Corliss, J.O. & Lipscomb, D.L. (1982). "Establishment of new order in kingdom Protista for Stephanopogon, long-known "ciliate" revealed now as a flagellate". Journal of Protozoology. 92: 294.
  3. ^ Patterson, D. J. & Brugerolle, G. 1988. The ultrastructural identity of Stephanopogon apogon and the relatedness of the genus to other kinds of protists. Europ. J. Protistol. 23: 279-290
  4. PMID 18403188
    .
  5. ^ Fenchel, T. & Patterson, D. J. 1986. Percolomonas cosmopolitus (Ruinen) n. gen., a new type of filter feeding flagellate from marine plankton. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K. 66: 465-482
  6. ^ Yubuki N, Leander BS 2008. Ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of Stephanopogon minuta: an enigmatic microeukaryote from marine interstitial environments |journal=Eur. J. Protistol. 44: 241–53.
  7. PMID 19120795
    .
  8. ^ Lee, W. J. 2019. Small free-living heterotrophic flagellates from marine intertidal sediments of the Sydney region, Australia. Acta Protozoologica: 58 167-189.

External links