Stephen Trigg
Stephen Trigg | |
---|---|
Member of the Fincastle County | |
In office August 11, 1774 – June 1, 1775 | |
Preceded by | None |
Succeeded by | None |
Personal details | |
Born | c. 1744 Colony of Virginia |
Died | Blue Licks, Kentucky | August 19, 1782
Spouse | Mary Christian |
Residence(s) | Trigg's Station, Kentucky |
Stephen Trigg (c. 1744 – August 19, 1782) was an American pioneer and soldier from Virginia. He was killed ten months after the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in one of the last battles of the American Revolution while leading the Lincoln County militia at the Battle of Blue Licks, Kentucky.
A son of William and Mary (Johns) Trigg, he mainly worked as a
Trigg was appointed to the Virginia Land Court Commission in 1779, charged with settling land titles in Kentucky. He then moved to Kentucky himself. In 1782, a raiding party of Shawnee Indians led by British and Loyalist officers attacked Bryan Station, but were driven off. Kentucky militia companies then pursued the fleeing invaders. Trigg commanded half of the men, while Daniel Boone led the other. The mounted militiamen soon overtook the raiders, but the experienced woodsman Boone warned that it looked like a trap. Ignoring Boone's warning, the militiamen charged across the river at Blue Licks, only to find themselves in an Indian ambush. Trigg and many others, including Boone's youngest son, were killed in the disastrous battle. Trigg's body was later found hacked into pieces.
Trigg County, Kentucky, was named in memory of Stephen Trigg.
Early life and family
Trigg was a son of William Trigg (1716–1773) and Mary (Johns) Trigg (1720–1773), whose family was prominent on the Virginia frontier. His father served as a judge of the
Trigg and his wife had three sons and two daughters. His daughter Mary married General David Logan, and was the mother of was
Virginia pioneer
The western county of
As the population increased, the southwestern half of Botetourt County was separated in 1772 and became
Settlers again agitated for another split, and so Fincastle County was split into three counties and became defunct in 1776; the new counties were Montgomery, Washington and Kentucky.[14] Trigg was again a member of the first court of justices held for a new county, this time Montgomery.[15] He served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1778.[16]
Early Kentucky pioneer
The new Virginia counties were growing rapidly, and with this growth came trouble. Trigg was appointed as one of the judges to the Virginia Land Court commission of 1779–80 charged with settling land disputes in
When Kentucky County, Virginia, was split into three counties in 1780, Trigg was made
Despite the growth of settlement in Kentucky, white colonists there were far from secure. Historian Virginia Webb Howard wrote of this era:
This was the darkest and most critical period in the history of the early Kentucky settlements. It must be remembered that the settlement of Kentucky was much different from the settlement of most of the other places where the new colony joined the older settlements. Kentucky, instead of adjoining already settled districts, was like an island in the wilderness. There were more than two hundred miles of forest between the settlements of Kentucky and the settlements of the older states.[25]
Trigg continued his service in the militia throughout this period. In 1781, he was made colonel of the Lincoln County militia.[26] In 1782, the four delegates to the Virginia General Assembly from Kentucky pushed for Trigg's recommendation as one of the assistant judges to the newly created Supreme Court for Kentucky, but his early death prevented him from taking this position.[27]
Revolutionary War
Meanwhile, events had moved from local agitations against the British crown to outright war. Early on, Trigg served in local militias, but he also represented Fincastle in the Virginia Conventions. These were five political meetings that started after Lord Dunmore, the governor of Virginia, had dissolved the House of Burgesses after its delegates expressed solidarity with Boston, Massachusetts, where the harbor had been closed by the British. Trigg was at the first convention in 1774 and was elected a delegate to the second convention in 1775, though he did not attend. He was elected to the third convention (July–August 1775), and did appear. He was also a delegate to the Fourth Convention (December 1775 – January 1776), but did not attend.[28]
His other revolutionary activity at the time was as a member of the Fincastle County
In 1776,
It is true that an unhappy Difference hath subsisted between the people beyond the great water, and the Americans for som [sic] years, which was intirely [sic] Owing to some of the great Kings Servants who wanted to take Our money without Our Consent, and otherwise to treat us, not like Children, but Slaves, which the people of America will not submit to.[34]
Trigg was one of the signers of this letter.[35] The conflict with the Cherokees was called the Christian Campaign (presumably from Col. William Christian's last name) and Trigg was the paymaster in 1776–1777.[36] In 1777, he was tasked with making a list of men who swore allegiance to several militia companies. By May 1778, the inhabitants along the New River had either left or were ready to leave at a moment's notice, due to increased hostilities with the Shawnee in the area.[37] William Preston, an officer in the militia, felt exposed on the frontier, but was reluctant to abandon his home "Smithfield", not only for the safety of his family, but also for the county records he safeguarded.[38] Trigg was then leaving for his term in the General Assembly, and Preston urged him and the other delegate for a guard.[38] When it was initially presented to the Governor's Council, Preston's petition was denied, but Trigg met several times with Governor Patrick Henry about Preston's situation and won another hearing with the Council. Trigg made three separate appeals in all before carrying his point.[39] When the governor agreed to send a guard of twelve men and a sergeant, Trigg sent Preston the news and also told him of the Treaty of Alliance that was signed in France in February.[38]
Last battle and death
In 1782, the British launched an
Trigg was buried in a mass grave near the battle site, in what is now
Notes
- ^ Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:171.
- ^ Virkus, The Compendium of American Genealogy, 887.
- ^ Virginia Independence Bicentennial Commission, Revolutionary Virginia: Road to Independence, 3:309.
- ^ "Lincoln/Net at Northern Illinois University". Lincoln.lib.niu.edu. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
- ^ a b Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:91.
- ^ Summers, History of Southwest Virginia, 108–109; Kegley, Kegley's Virginia Frontier, 385, 401.
- ^ Kegley, Frederick Bittle, Kegley's Virginia Frontier, 401–3.
- ^ Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:95.
- ^ Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:97.
- ^ Cook, Fincastle and Kentucky Countys, Virginia, 131, 290, 293; Summers, History of Southwest Virginia, 130.
- ^ Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:369.
- ^ Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:161, 370.
- ^ Virginia Independence Bicentennial Commission, Revolutionary Virginia: Road to Independence, 3:309; Leonard, The General Assembly of Virginia, 105.
- ^ a b Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:103.
- ^ Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:107.
- ^ Summers, History of Southwest Virginia, 253; Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:107; Swem, A Register of the General Assembly of Virginia 1776–1918 and of the Constitutional Conventions, 439.
- ^ Stephenson, Martha, "Why the Mother Town?", Kentucky State Historical Society 24 (1926), 273.
- ^ Hammon and Taylor, Virginia's Western War, 1775–1786, 109.
- ^ Hammon and Taylor, Virginia's Western War, 1775–1786, 117.
- ^ Hoefling, 126.
- ^ Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 7:253; Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:370.
- ^ Cook, Fincastle and Kentucky Countys, Va, 19.
- ^ Leonard, General Assembly of Virginia, 138.
- ^ "Introduction to the Certificate book of the Virginia Land The Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society", 21 (1923), 5–6.
- ^ Howard, Virginia Webb, Bryants Station Heroes and Heroines (1932), 31.
- ^ Cook, Lincoln County, Kentucky Records, 8.
- ^ Wilson, Samuel M., "The First Land Court of Kentucky 1779–1780", Address before the Kentucky State Bar Association at Covington, Kentucky, July 6, 1923 (Lexington, Ky: n.pub., 1923), 40.
- ^ Virginia Independence Bicentennial Commission, Revolutionary Virginia: Road to Independence, 3:309; Leonard, General Assembly of Virginia, 110, 112, 114, 117.
- ^ Summers, History of Southwest Virginia, 201–203; Kegley, Early Adventurers, 370.
- ^ Kegley, Early Adventurers, 1:101.
- ^ Summers, History of Southwest Virginia, 201–203.
- ^ a b Kegley, Early Adventurers, 370.
- ^ Harwell, Richard, ed., The Committees of Safety of Westmoreland and Fincastle. Proceedings of the County Committees 1774–1776 (Richmond, VA:n.pub., 1956), 67.
- ^ Virginia Independence Bicentennial Commission, Revolutionary Virginia: Road to Independence, 7:444–45.
- ^ Virginia Independence Bicentennial Commission, Revolutionary Virginia: Road to Independence, 7:446.
- ^ Summers, History of Southwest Virginia, 217.
- ^ Johnson, William Preston and the Allegheny Patriots, 207–208.
- ^ a b c Johnson, William Preston and the Allegheny Patriots, 208.
- ^ Tillson, Gentry and Common Folk, 94.
- ^ Ranck, Kentucky Locals: The Story of Bryan's Station, 26–28.
- ^ a b c d Talbert, Benjamin Logan: Kentucky Frontiersman, 156–159; Bakeless, Daniel Boone: Master of the Wilderness, 297–98.
- ^ Calendar of Virginia State Papers, 281.
- ^ Collins & Collins, History of Kentucky, 732.
References
- Bakeless, John (1989). Daniel Boone: Master of the Wilderness. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
- Cook, Michael L., C.G. and Cummings, Bettie A. Cook, C.G. (1987). Fincastle and Kentucky Countys, Virginia. Kentucky Records and History Volume 1. Evansville, Indiana: Cook Publications.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Cook, Michael L. (1987). Lincoln County, Kentucky Records, Volume II. Evansville, Indiana: Cook Publications.
- Collins, Lewis; Richard H. Collins (1980). History of Kentucky. Southern Historical Press.
- Hammon, Neal O.; Richard Taylor (2002). Virginia's Western War, 1775–1786. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 9780811713894.
- Hoefling, Larry J. (2005). Chasing the Frontier: Scots-Irish in Early America. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse. ISBN 9780595359141.
- Johnson, Patricia Givens (1992) [1976]. William Preston and the Allegheny Patriots. Blacksburg, Virginia: Walpa Publishing.
- Kegley, Mary B., and Kegley, F.B. (1980). Early Adventurers on the Western Waters, Volume 1. Orange, Virginia: Green Publishers.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Kegley, Frederick Bittle (1938). Kegley's Virginia Frontier. Roanoke, Virginia: The Southwest Virginia Historical Society. OCLC 52059859.
- Leonard, Cynthia Miller, comp. (1978). The General Assembly of Virginia, July 30, 1619–January 11, 1978. Richmond, Virginia: Virginia State Library.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ranck, George W. (1896). Kentucky Locals: The Story of Bryan's Station. Transylvania Printing.
- Summers, Lewis Preston (1971). History of Southwest Virginia 1746–1786, Washington County 1777–1870. Baltimore, Maryland: Regional Publishing Company. (originally published 1903 OCLC 123915352)
- Swem, Earl G. and Williams, John W. (1918). A Register of the General Assembly of Virginia 1776–1918 and of the Constitutional Conventions. Richmond, Virginia.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Talbert, Charles Gano (1962). Benjamin Logan: Kentucky Frontiersman. University of Kentucky Press.
- Tillson, Albert H. (1991). Gentry and Common Folk: Political Culture on a Virginia Frontier 1740–1789. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-1749-2.
- Virkus, Frederick Adams (1925–1942). The Compendium of American Genealogy, First Families of America, VII. Chicago, Illinois: A.N. Marquis.
External links