Suzanne Stiver Lie

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Suzanne Stiver Lie
Black and white head and shoulders of a short-haired woman in a dark blouse wearing a drop necklace
Stiver in 1956
Born
Suzanne Stiver

(1934-04-26)26 April 1934
Fort Wayne, Allen County, Indiana
Died28 September 2018(2018-09-28) (aged 84)
Oslo, Norway
OccupationAcademic
Years active1975-2001
Known forfounding women's studies programs

Suzanne Stiver Lie (26 April 1934-28 September 2018) was an American-born Norwegian women's rights activist and professor who worked to develop

Women's Studies programs in Norway, Lithuania and Estonia
. Her major research emphasis was on inequality in higher education and on migrant women.

Early life and education

Suzanne Stiver was born on 26 April 1934 in Fort Wayne, Allen County, Indiana to Dorothy Irene (née McCurdy) and Edward Raymond Stiver, a pharmacist.[1][2] She graduated from South Side High School in 1952[3] and went on to graduate in 1956 from Wittenberg College in Springfield, Ohio.[3][4] After her graduation, Stiver spent a year in Berlin teaching English and other subjects in a program sponsored by the Lutheran World Federation.[5] She married Kai Olaf Lie on 22 December 1957 in Allen County.[1] Kai had been an exchange student during Stiver's time at Wittenberg and he would go on to become an ambassador of Norway, causing them to relocate as his work required.[3][6][7] The couple moved to Washington, D.C. where Lie worked as a graduate assistant in the sociology department at American University.[2][8] There she completed her Master's degree in 1967, and a PhD in sociology in 1973 with dissertations evaluating education in Norway.[9][10]

Career

During the studies for her PhD, Lie was employed at the

Ås until 1975.[11][12] She was hired to lecture at the Social Pedagogical Study Alternative unit of the University of Oslo and remained until 1977, when she accepted a two-year research position at Diakonhjemmet University College, evaluating social work practices.[13] When she completed the project, Lie was hired as an assistant professor in the Institute for Educational Research [no] at the University of Oslo. Lie believed work in women's studies was regarded by the institute as of little relevance. Finding little support within Norway, she worked with international researchers in the field to enable her to publish.[14] Her area of study concerned migrating women and women in education.[4] In 1983, she, Berit Ås, and Maj Birgit Rørslett, were commissioned to create an experimental project and establish Norway's first Women's University.[15] In 1989, Lie was appointed to head the Women's Studies Program at the University of Oslo and in 1991 became the vice director of equal opportunities at the university in 1991.[14][16] She earned an appointment as a full professor in 1993.[14][4]

In 1992, the Women's Studies Centre of

Tartu University.[19][20] Lie became the academic director of the center, which operated financially and institutionally separately from the universities.[19] In her role as director, she trained the staff and negotiated for funds to support furnishing and equipping the center from the Nordic Council of Ministers.[20][18]

Research

In her research on immigrant women, in such works as Mellom to kulturer kvinnelige innvandrere i Norge (Between Two Cultures: Female Immigrants in Norway), Lie ignored the stereotypical view of migrants as economically poor women from the Global South and evaluated a broad spectrum of migrating women including those who migrated for economic reasons, refugees, and foreign spouses.[21] She argued that migrant women were not appendages of husbands and questioned immigration policies that treated women as dependent upon a male breadwinner and failed to recognize that their family units might not comply with social norms. Lie also pointed out that migrant women often had difficulty having their educational achievements recognized in their new country and contributed a separate article on Yugoslavian migrants to the anthology.[22]

Studies carried out by Lie and Rørslett which began in 1984, noted that academia was particularly difficult as a field for women because unlike women in vocational or artistic fields, gaps in employment impacted their seniority and networking ability.

women of color and lesbians to access the same networks often placed them at a disadvantage in academia.[28] The final chapter dealt with mechanisms that women could access, such as the legal system, media, and university policy boards to counterbalance the problems encountered in trying to gain equal treatment, as well as alternatives, such as creating separate women's study centers.[29][30] At the time, research on women in academia was "rudamentary", as noted by Swedish sociologist Boel Berner and the book addressed issues and solutions but was limited in presenting a global picture and in evaluating why the university setting was singled out for study.[30]

In 1994, Lie, Lynda Malik, and Duncan Harris compiled an analysis of higher education across seventeen countries throughout the world, though it did not include Latin America or the Caribbean.[31][32] Their findings indicated that there was little equality in higher education, though there is not a single cause. According to the research gender inequality stems from various factors including cultural norms, social class, location (urban versus rural) and political systems. For example, despite East/West cultural divides and different political systems, women in Germany were confined to gender specific employment, which was characterized by low pay and little authority.[32][33] Within academia, though policy often calls for legal equality and scholarship to maximize expertise, power positions are often entrenched with few women rising to the position of full professor.[34][35] The following year Lie and Rørslett published their findings, Alma maters døtre: et århundre med kvinner i akademisk utdanning (Alma Mater's Daughters: A Century of Women in Academic Education) from their decade of research on women in academia.[36]

In the anthology Carrying Linda's Stones Lie and the other editors studied the impact of the Soviet period upon Estonian women.[37] It was the first English-language book to collect the histories of those who were forcibly deported or who chose to live in exile. It examined dislocations from a feminist perspective evaluating how socio-political forces impacted women and specifically analyzed how the pseudo-equality of the Soviet period and then the independence of Estonia, pushed women’s issues to the background in the quest for national identity.[38]

Death and legacy

Lie died on 28 September 2018 in Oslo.[4] Lie's studies on women's education and her assistance in founding women's studies programs in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe were significant in developing broader understanding of the meaning of equality and democracy.[18]

Selected works

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Marriage Record 1957.
  2. ^ a b The Commercial-Mail 1964, p. 6.
  3. ^ a b c Hogg 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d Wittenberg Magazine 2020, p. 44.
  5. ^ Dayton Daily News 1956, p. 7.
  6. ^ The Journal Herald 1955, p. 2.
  7. ^ Tali 2000.
  8. ^ American Journal of Sociology 1960, p. 88.
  9. ^ Lie 1967.
  10. ^ a b Lie 1973, p. 336.
  11. ^ Lie 1973, p. 332.
  12. ^ Lie 2012, p. 51.
  13. ^ Lie 2012, pp. 51–52.
  14. ^ a b c Lie 2012, p. 53.
  15. ^ Ås, Coleman & Krogsrud 2005.
  16. ^ Lie, Malik & Harris 1994, p. 231.
  17. ^ Pavilionienė 2015, p. 283.
  18. ^ a b c Jõe-Cannon 2002, p. 9.
  19. ^ a b Marling 2011.
  20. ^ a b Eesti Naisuurimus-ja Teabekeskus 2016.
  21. ^ Knocke 1987, p. 226.
  22. ^ Knocke 1987, p. 227-228.
  23. ^ J.W. 1984, p. 8.
  24. ^ Feldman 1992, pp. 434, 437.
  25. ^ a b Berner 1992, p. 157.
  26. ^ Feldman 1992, pp. 435–436.
  27. ^ Feldman 1992, p. 435.
  28. ^ Feldman 1992, p. 436.
  29. ^ Feldman 1992, p. 437.
  30. ^ a b Berner 1992, p. 158.
  31. ^ Davies 1995, p. 108.
  32. ^ a b Johnson 1995, p. 388.
  33. ^ Davies 1995, p. 109.
  34. ^ Davies 1995, pp. 109–110.
  35. ^ Johnson 1995, p. 389.
  36. ^ Lie & Rørslett 1995.
  37. ^ Yllo 2007, p. 476.
  38. ^ Yllo 2007, p. 477.

Bibliography

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