Symphony No. 104 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 104 in
The work was composed in
The autograph manuscript of the symphony is preserved in the Berlin State Library.
Scoring
The work is scored for 2
Movements
First movement
The symphony opens with a slow and grand introduction in D minor, whose first two bars are as follows:
Note that since the only notes used are the tonic and dominant, the mode of the piece is not yet established. This leads to the main body of the sonata form movement, in D major. Its opening theme is as follows:
The movement is monothematic: the second theme is simply the first theme transposed to A major. The exposition is in D major, with the strings playing the first theme. The theme goes straight into A major with the woodwinds to form a second theme. The exposition closes with a codetta and is followed by the development which begins in B minor, using the rhythmic pattern of the second half of the theme. The development ends with the full orchestra. In the recapitulation, the first theme is heard again in D major. It uses imitative patterns of the woodwinds in the second theme. The movement closes with a coda, also in D major.
Second movement
This movement, in G major, opens with the main theme in the strings. After this, a brief episode highlighting A minor and D minor leads to a modified repeat of the main theme in both strings and bassoon. From here, a second section begins which modulates to various other keys, including G minor and B♭ major, but continues to feature the melody of the main theme. After arriving on the dominant of G major, the music of the first section returns. The rest of the movement consists of a modification of the first section of music, with several changes in rhythm and more prominence to the winds, especially the flute.
Third movement
The third movement is a minuet and trio in D major. The minuet section consists of a rounded binary (A,B,A') form with an opening section emphasizing the tonic, while the second section visits the relative minor (B minor) and the dominant (A major). The trio is in B♭ major, and uses the oboe and bassoon extensively. Like in the minuet, this trio's B section emphasizes the relative minor (in this case, G minor). The trio ends with a transition back to dominant of the main key in preparation for the return to the minuet.
Fourth movement
The exuberant finale, in fast tempo and in sonata form, opens in the mode of
See also
- List of symphonies by name
References
- ^ Steinberg, Michael. "The Symphony: a listeners guide". p. 245. Oxford University Press, 1995.
- ^ Michael Steinberg, "The Symphony: A Listeners Guide" (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 246.
- ^ Steinberg, Michael. "The Symphony: a listeners guide". pp. 245–47. Oxford University Press, 1995.
- ^ Hoboken, Anthony van (1957). Joseph Haydn: Thematisch-bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis. Main: B. Schott's Söhne. p. 221.
External links
- Symphony No. 104: Haydn's autograph manuscript in the Berlin State Library
- Symphony No. 104: Copyist's manuscript in the British Library
- The Finale can be found on http://www.pointclassics.com/dl/2650902.4.Finale-%20spirituoso.48k.mp3 to listen to.
- Piano reduction (pdf)
- Symphony No. 104: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project