Tala Mi Kyaw
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Theravada Buddhism |
Tala Mi Kyaw (
Early life
The royal chronicles provide no background information about the princess except that she was a daughter of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421).[2][4][3][5] They do not explicitly state who her mother was, or when she was born.[b] In all, she was one of the three daughters of the king reported in the chronicles.[c] By 1401, she was already married to her cousin Saw Maha-Rit.[2][3]
Road to Ava
In November 1401, Princess Kyaw accompanied her father and her husband in her father's invasion of Ava. When the invasion forces split up near
Meanwhile, the princess was sent to Ava, and presented to King Minkhaung I. According to the main chronicles, she became a junior queen of the king.[e] However, the Razadarit Ayedawbon, which narrates from the Hanthawaddy perspective, says Minkhaung gave her in marriage to his middle son Prince Thihathu.[2] The Yazawin Thit chronicle rejects the Razadarit Ayedawbon's narrative, pointing out that Thihathu was only six years old at the time.[f] Historians G.E. Harvey and Htin Aung follow the main chronicles' narrative that she became a queen of Minkhaung.[13][19]
Formalization of her status
Her capture extended the war to the following dry season. Vowing to avenge for his daughter, Razadarit invaded the upcountry again as the rainy season ended.[13][20] However, the campaign went nowhere for four months, and peace negotiations began in January 1403.[21]
In the end, her status proved to be a small part of the larger negotiations. Razadarit agreed to let his daughter remain "by the side of the king of the golden palace [Minkhaung]" but in return insisted on a reciprocal
Aftermath
In all, the princess was the first of the four Hanthawaddy royal family members to be resettled in Ava during the Forty Years' War. (The peace did not last; the war resumed in 1408.[27][28]) Her brother-in-law Gen. Smin Bayan, husband of Princess Tala Mi Saw, was captured in battle in 1414 before he formally defected to the Ava side in 1415.[29][30][31] Her half-brother Binnya Set of Dagon too was captured in battle in 1418, and resettled in Ava, befitting a prince.[32][33] Her half-sister Princess Shin Saw Pu came to Ava to be a senior queen (nan mibaya) of King Thihathu of Ava as part of the peace treaty of 1423 that ended the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1422–1423).[34][35]
At any rate, the 1403 negotiations were the last mention of Princess Tala Mi Kyaw in the chronicles. She apparently never rose to be a senior queen, or had any children with Minkhaung.[g] Nor did she return to her home kingdom either; of the four royals, only Gen. Bayan and Queen Pu are reported to have managed to return to Pegu.[h]
Notes
- ^ Her Mon language name တလမေဏင်ကေဲ[1] has been translated into Burmese as တလမည်ကျော် (Tala Mi Kyaw, [təlɑ̯ mì dʑɔ̀]) in the Razadarit Ayedawbon, and the Yazawin Thit chronicles,[2][3] and တလမဲကြိုး (Tala Me Kyo, [təlɑ̯ mɛ́ dʑó]) in the Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin chronicles.[4][5] A modern translation by Nai Pan Hla is တလမေကျော် (Tala May Kyaw, [təlɑ̯ mè dʑó]).[1]
- ^ It can be inferred from chronicle reporting that she was probably born in the mid-to-late 1380s. According to the Razadarit Ayedawbon chronicle, Prince Binnya Nwe [King Razadarit] took his first wives, Princess Tala Mi Daw and Mwei Maneit in 1383,[6] and got his very first child, Bawlawkyantaw by Tala Mi Daw, in late 1383.[7] Therefore, Razadarit's other children must have been born in or after 1384. Furthermore, because Tala Mi Kyaw was already married by 1401,[2][3] she was probably not born in the 1390s.
- ^ None of the chronicles reports a complete list of children by King Razadarit. The other two daughters reported in the chronicles are: Tala Mi Saw[8][9] and Shin Saw Pu.[10]
- ^ Razadarit received the news of the fall of Khaunglaunggya soon after the new year had turned [on 30 March 1402].[8]
- ^ The Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit, and Hmannan Yazawin say she was presented to King Minkhaung.[14][15][16] The chronicles however do not list her as a senior queen (nan mibaya) or a child-bearing consort.
- ^ The prince was in his 7th year (6 years old) at the time of Tala Mi Kyaw's capture, according to the Yazawin Thit.[17] Per the Zatadawbon Yazawin chronicle, the prince was born c. 3 June 1394,[18] meaning he would have been in his 8th year (7 years old) in April 1402.
- ^ She is not listed as a senior queen or a child-bearing consort of King Minkhaung in the main chronicles. See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 307), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 265), (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 440–441).
- ^ Bayan fled to Pegu in 1423.[36][37] Pu fled to Pegu in 1429.[38][39]
References
- ^ a b c Pan Hla 2005: 380
- ^ a b c d e f Pan Hla 2005: 206
- ^ a b c d e Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 213
- ^ a b Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 311
- ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 447
- ^ Pan Hla 2005: 64, 94
- ^ Pan Hla 2005: 65
- ^ a b Pan Hla 2005: 224
- ^ a b Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 218
- ^ Pan Hla 2005: 368, footnote 1
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 318
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 456
- ^ a b c Harvey 1925: 88
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 318, 328
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 213–214
- ^ Hmannan Yazawin Vol. 1 2003: 456, 468
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 214
- ^ Zata 1960: 74
- ^ Htin Aung 1967: 89
- ^ Fernquest 2006: 11
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 220
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 328
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 468
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 329
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 469
- ^ Harvey 1925: 90
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 229
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 476–477
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 250, 252–253
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 23–24, 28–29
- ^ Fernquest Spring 2006: 19
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 51
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 268
- ^ Harvey 1925: 95
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 269
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 57
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 277
- ^ Harvey 1925: 97
Bibliography
- Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2006). "Rajadhirat's Mask of Command: Military Leadership in Burma (c. 1384–1421)" (PDF). SBBR. 4 (1). Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Harvey, G.E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
- Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
- Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Pan Hla, Nai (2005) [1968]. Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
- Royal Historians of Burma (1960) [c. 1680]. U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.). Zatadawbon Yazawin. Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.