Talk:Respiratory epithelium
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Naming
There is no such thing as respiratory epithelium in the upper part of the upper respiratory tract, as no epithelia has respiratory function in the pharynx, larynx and nasopharynx, and thus is wrongly named. The distinction should be made, and the correct name is epithelium of the respiratory tract. Not as short and nice, but more correct, I'm taught, as a medical student. Madskile 20:19, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
- The phrase "respiratory epithelium" has 1903 hits on Wikipedia:Manual of Style (medicine-related articles), we need to stick to the terms used in the field, even if other terminology is arguably more accurate. The distinction you make could be a useful addition to the article, but the article should not be renamed. --Arcadian 21:38, 2 June 2007 (UTC)]
Benzalkonium chloride, a preservative in many mass-marketed inhalers and nasal sprays, interferes with the cilia of the mucociliary escalator.
Many mass-marketed inhaler and nasal spray formulations contain benzalkonium chloride despite substantial evidence that it interferes with function of the cilia of the respiratory epithelium.
Many mass-marketed inhaler and nasal spray formulations still contain benzalkonium chloride notwithstanding substantial evidence that it interferes with function of the cilia of the mucociliary escalator for the respiratory epithelium.
66.167.61.217 (talk) 21:05, 23 May 2010 (UTC)
Benzalkonium chloride damages, and ultimately kills, cilia -- PubMed citations
Benzalkonium chloride damages, and ultimately kills, cilia.
Riechelmann H, Deutschle T, Stuhlmiller A, Gronau S, Bürner H.
Nasal toxicity of benzalkonium chloride.
Am J Rhinol. 2004 Sep-Oct;18(5):291-9.
"CONCLUSION: BAC in concentrations used in nasal preparations is ciliotoxic."
Bernstein IL J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Jan;105(1 Pt 1):39-44. Comment in: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Sep;106(3):595-6.
Is the use of benzalkonium chloride as a preservative for nasal formulations a safety concern? A cautionary note based on compromised mucociliary transport.
...
- "CONCLUSION: Both animal and human in vitro data suggest that BKC promotes ciliostasis and reduction in mucociliary transport that may be partially masked by absorption and dilution effects occurring in respiratory mucus. These possible confounding factors may account for several disparate human in vivo results. ..." PMID 14726922
Rizzo JA, Medeiros D, Silva AR, Sarinho E.
Benzalkonium chloride and nasal mucociliary clearance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind trial.
Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):243-7.
...
- "CONCLUSION: BKC in the concentration used in nasal preparations impaired mucociliary clearance in healthy individuals after 3 weeks of use. Presently, when preservative-free alternatives are available, BKC could be a risk without benefit." PMID 16871922
Rizzo JA, Medeiros D, Silva AR, Sarinho E.
Benzalkonium chloride and nasal mucociliary clearance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind trial.
Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):243-7.
Marple B, Roland P, Benninger M.
Safety review of benzalkonium chloride used as a preservative in intranasal solutions: an overview of conflicting data and opinions.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Jan;130(1):131-41. Review.
Verret DJ, Marple BF.
Effect of topical nasal steroid sprays on nasal mucosa and ciliary function.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Feb;13(1):14-8. Review.
Graf P.
Benzalkonium chloride as a preservative in nasal solutions: re-examining the data.
Respir Med. 2001 Sep;95(9):728-33. Review.
Graf P.
Rhinitis medicamentosa: aspects of pathophysiology and treatment.'
Allergy. 1997;52(40 Suppl):28-34. Review.
Graf P.
Rhinitis medicamentosa: a review of causes and treatment.
Treat Respir Med. 2005;4(1):21-9. Review.
Chiambaretta F, Pouliquen P, Rigal D.
[Allergy and preservatives. Apropos of 3 cases of allergy to benzalkonium chloride]
J Fr Ophtalmol. 1997;20(1):8-16. Review. French.
Armengot M, Basterra J, Garcia-Bartual E. The influence of anesthetics and vasoconstrictors on nasal mucociliary transport. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1989;43(2):149-56. Review.
Illum L.
Nasal clearance in health and disease.
J Aerosol Med. 2006 Spring;19(1):92-9. Review.
"Influence of preservatives and topical steroids on ciliary beat frequency in vitro."
"The preservative benzalkonium chloride effected an irreversible ciliostatic activity already in the concentration of 0.005%." PubMed.
- "Benzalkonium chloride affected the nasal mucosa in the form of ciliary loss, epithelial spongiosis, mucosal swelling, hyperemic subepithelium with increased mononuclears in lamina propria. http://medind.nic.in/jae/t06/i1/jaet06i1p60.pdf http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:iRymEiMPd1IJ:medind.nic.in/jae/t06/i1/jaet06i1p60.pdf+Benzalkonium+chloride+cilia&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.167.61.217 (talk) 21:24, 23 May 2010 (UTC)
Proposed merge with Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Merge to discuss here. Spyder212 (talk) 22:05, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
add tuft / brush cell item?
- Cells That ‘Taste’ Danger Set Off Immune Responses; Taste and smell receptors in unexpected organs monitor the state of the body’s natural microbial health and raise an alarm over invading parasites. November 15, 2019 Quantamagazine.org
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