Tarso Emi Chi
Tarso Emi Chi | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Elevation | 3,376 m (11,076 ft)[1] |
Coordinates | 21°13′N 18°31′E / 21.22°N 18.52°E[2] |
Tarso Emi Chi (tarso: "gentle mountain, high plateau"; emi: "large mountain";.
Tarso Emi Chi is part of the Tibesti Mountains, a group of volcanic mountains that cover a surface area of 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi) and reach an elevation of 3,394 metres (11,135 ft). The mountains consist of both a Precambrian crystalline rocks and volcanic rocks.[3]
The volcano consists of a
Tarso Emi Chi has erupted a number of volcanic series such as the "black series" and the "white series", which consist of
There is no evidence of historical eruptions at Tarso Emi Chi,[10] but volcanic products overlie diatom beds of former lakes.[11]
Vegetation, ice and water
Block glaciers developed on Mouskorbe,[12] the largest of which is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long on the south flank and ends at 2,100–2,300 metres (6,900–7,500 ft) elevation.[13] There is widespread evidence of nivation landforms on Mouskorbe above 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) and especially above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft).[14] Presently, precipitation at Mouskorbe is about 100–150 millimetres per year (3.9–5.9 in/year).[15]
Former lakes in Tarso Emi Chi were inhabited by
References
- ^ a b c d Hellmich 1972, p. 18.
- ^ "Tarso Emi Chi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ a b Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 611.
- ^ Gèze et al. 1959, p. 136.
- ^ Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 618.
- ^ Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 615.
- ^ Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 616.
- ^ a b Gèze et al. 1959, p. 141.
- ^ Gèze et al. 1959, p. 142.
- ^ Gèze et al. 1959, p. 143.
- ^ Hellmich 1972, p. 58.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 159.
- ^ Hellmich 1972, p. 42.
- ^ Hellmich 1972, p. 41.
- ^ Hellmich 1972, p. 113.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 119.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 137.
- ^ Hellmich 1972, p. 54.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 175.
- ^ Hellmich 1972, p. 20.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 145.
Sources
- Gèze, B.; Hudeley, H.; Vincent, P.; Wacrenier, Ph. (1 December 1959). "Les volcans du Tibesti (Sahara du Tchad)". Bulletin Volcanologique (in French). 22 (1): 135–172. S2CID 128896369.
- Hellmich, Walter (1972). Hochgebirgsforschung: Tibesti-Zentrale Sahara Arbeiten aus der Hochgebirgsregion (in German). Universitäts-Verlag Wagner.
- Pachur, Hans-Joachim; Altmann, Norbert (2006). Die Ostsahara im Spätquartär (in German). SpringerLink. ISBN 978-3-540-47625-2.
- Permenter, Jason L.; Oppenheimer, Clive (1 April 2007). "Volcanoes of the Tibesti massif (Chad, northern Africa)". Bulletin of Volcanology. 69 (6): 609–626. S2CID 53463999.