Technology transfer in computer science
Technology transfer in computer science refers to the
open source software
packages.
Examples
Notable examples of technology transfer in computer science include:
Year of transfer | Technology |
Field(s) |
Originally developed at | Transfer method(s) | Commercialised at | Patented | Used by |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c. 1964 | BASIC | Programming languages
|
Dartmouth College | Freeware | Computer manufacturers and others | No | Numerous BASIC dialects
|
1974 (Internet Protocol published)
1992 (interconnection) |
The Internet
|
Computer networking
The Internet
|
Advanced Research Projects Agency | RFC
1992 law permitting commercial interconnection |
Numerous companies | No | Millions of web sites and other internet properties
|
1981 | KMS | Hypertext | Carnegie Mellon University | Spin-out | Knowledge Systems | No | ? |
1984 | MATLAB | Programming languages
Scientific computing
Numerical computing
|
University of New Mexico[1] | Incorporation and rewrite[1] | MathWorks | No (original)
Yes (from 2001)[2] |
Millions of users |
c. 1985 | HyperTIES
|
Hypertext | University of Maryland[3]
|
Licensing[3]
|
Cognetics Corporation | ? | Union Carbide, Hewlett-Packard, others[4] |
1990 (initial software)
1994 (Netscape)[5] |
World Wide Web | Hypertext | CERN | Unfettered use (no patents)
Consortium (to create recommended standards)
|
Netscape and others | No | Millions of web sites
|
1991 | Gopher | Computer networking
The Internet
|
University of Minnesota | RFC | Numerous companies | No | Numerous Gopher sites |
1998 | PageRank | Information retrieval
Algorithms
|
Stanford University | Spin-out
|
Google
|
Yes | Google Search |
2004 (software)
2011 (incorporation) |
Scala | Programming languages
|
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne | Open source | Typesafe Inc. and others
|
? | Play, Akka and others
|
2013 | CRDTs
|
Distributed computing | INRIA and others
|
? | Basho Technologies[6] | No | Riak[6] |
References
- ^ a b Moler, Cleve (2004). "The Origins of MATLAB". Mathworks.com. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ "Patents". Mathworks.com. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ a b "Hypertext Research: The Development of HyperTIES". Human Computer Interaction Lab. University of Maryland. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ "Cognetics History". Cognetics Corporation. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ Lasar, Matthew (11 October 2011). "Before Netscape: the forgotten Web browsers of the early 1990s". Ars Technica. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ a b "Introducing Riak 2.0: Data Types, Strong Consistency, Full-Text Search, and Much More". Basho Technologies. 29 October 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2014.