Tegea

Coordinates: 37°27.32′N 22°25.23′E / 37.45533°N 22.42050°E / 37.45533; 22.42050
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the town of ancient Crete, see Tegea (Crete).
Tegea
Τεγέα
UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
220 12
Area code(s)2710
Vehicle registrationTP

Tegea (

ancient Arcadia, and it is also a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the Tripoli municipality, of which it is a municipal unit[2] with an area of 118.350 km2.[3] It is near the modern villages of Alea and Episkopi
.

The legendary founder of Tegea was Tegeates, a son of Lycaon.[4]

History

Tegea (

phylai) (φυλαί), called respectively Clareotis (Κλαρεῶτις, in inscriptions Κραριῶτις[7]), Hippothoitis (Ἱπποθοῖτις), Apolloneatis (Ἀπολλωνεᾶτις), and Athoneatis (Ἀθανεᾶτις), to each of which belonged a certain number of metoeci (μέτοικοι) or resident aliens.[8]

Tegea is mentioned by

Agesicles, the Spartans again fought unsuccessfully against the Tegeatae; but in the following generation, in the time of their king Anaxandridas II, the Spartans, having obtained possession of the bones of Orestes in accordance with an oracle, defeated the Tegeatae and compelled them to acknowledge the supremacy of Sparta, about 560 BC.[14][15] Thus, Tegea's struggle against Spartan hegemony in Arcadia came to an end, and it was forced into some form of collaboration, maybe as one of the earliest members of what would become the Sparta-centered Peloponnesian League
.

Tegea, however, still retained its independence, though its military force was at the disposal of Sparta; and in the

hoplites and half of light-armed troops.[16] As it was not usual to send the whole force of a state upon a distant march, William Smith and Henry Fynes Clinton estimate the force of the Tegeatae on this occasion as not more than three-fourths of their whole number. This would give 4000 for the military population of Tegea, and about 17,400 for the whole free population.[17]

Soon after the Battle of Plataea, the Tegeatae were again at war with the Spartans, of the causes of which, however, we have no information. We only know that the Tegeatae fought twice against the Spartans between 479 and 464 BCE, and were each time defeated; first in conjunction with the

Leotychides, and Pausanias, son of Pleistoanax.[21][22][23]

In the

Calydonian boar hunt in the main pediment.[26] After the Battle of Leuctra (371 BCE), however, the Spartan party in Tegea was expelled, and the city joined the other Arcadian towns in the foundation of Megalopolis and in the formation of the Arcadian League.[27] When Mantineia a few years afterwards quarrelled with the supreme Arcadian government, and formed an alliance with its old enemy Sparta, Tegea remained faithful to the new confederacy, and fought under Epaminondas against the Spartans at the great Battle of Mantineia, 362 BCE.[28]

Tegea at a later period joined the

Alkinous his journey to Hades, and of those whose ghosts he beheld there."[33]

Ancient Tegea was an important religious center of ancient Greece,[34] containing the Temple of Athena Alea. The temenos was founded by Aleus, Pausanias was informed.[35] Votive bronzes at the site from the Geometric and Archaic periods take the forms of horses and deer; there are sealstones and fibulae.

The city retained civic life under the Roman Empire; Tegea survived being sacked by the Goths in AD 395–396. The Roman poets use the adjective Tegĕēus or Tegeaeus as equivalent to Arcadian: thus it is given as an epithet to Pan (Verg. G. 1.18), Callisto, daughter of Lycaon (Ov. Ar. Am. 2.55, Fast. 2.167), Atalanta (Ov. Met. 8.317, 380), Carmenta (Ov. Fast. 1.627), and Mercury (Stat. Silv. 1.54)

In the

Roman Catholic bishop was installed in the episcopal see.[40] Nikli was still in Frankish hands in 1280, but was lost to the resurgent Byzantines by 1302, who also restored the local see to the Orthodox clergy.[41]

The site of ancient Tegea is now located within the modern village of Alea (referred to as Piali before 1915). Alea is located about 10 kilometers southeast of Tripoli. The municipality of Tegea has its seat at Stadio.

Tegea and Crete

In ancient times, the people of Tegea said that Cydon, Archedius, and Gortys, the surviving sons of their king Tegeates, migrated voluntarily to Crete, and that the cities Kydonia, Gortyna, and Catreus, were named after them. Yet the Cretans denied this; instead they tried to portray these three characters as the offspring of the local heroes Minos and Rhadamantus.[42]

Subdivisions

The municipal unit Tegea is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):

Historical population

Year Population
1991 4,539
2001 3,858
2011 3,544
2021 2,959

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  2. ^ "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  3. ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
  4. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 8. 45. 1
  5. ^ Pausanias (1918). "45.1". Description of Greece. Vol. 8. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library., 8.3.4.
  6. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.337. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  7. ^ Böckh, Corp. lnscr. no. 1513
  8. ^ Pausanias (1918). "53.6". Description of Greece. Vol. 8. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  9. ^ Homer. Iliad. Vol. 2.607.
  10. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 9.
  11. ^ Pausanias (1918). "45.3". Description of Greece. Vol. 8. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  12. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 1.66.
  13. ^ Pausanias (1918). "7.3". Description of Greece. Vol. 3. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library., 8.5.9, 8.45.3, 8.47.2, 8.48.4.
  14. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 1.65, 1.67, et seq.
  15. ^ Pausanias (1918). "3.5". Description of Greece. Vol. 3. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library., et seq.
  16. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 7.202, 9.26, et seq.
  17. ^ Henry Fynes Clinton, vol. ii. p. 417; Public Domain Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tegea". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
  18. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 9.37.
  19. ^ Pausanias (1918). "11.7". Description of Greece. Vol. 3. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  20. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 9.37.
  21. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 6.72.
  22. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 3.5. 25.
  23. ^ Pausanias (1918). "5.6". Description of Greece. Vol. 3. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  24. ^ Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Vol. 5.32, 57.
  25. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 4.2.13.
  26. National Archaeological Museum of Athens
  27. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 6.5.6, et seq.
  28. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 7.4.36, et seq., 7.5.5, et seq.
  29. ^ Polybius. The Histories. Vol. 2.46, 2.54, et seq.
  30. ^ Polybius. The Histories. Vol. 5.17, 11.18.
  31. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.388. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  32. ^ Pausanias (1918). "45.1". Description of Greece. Vol. 8. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.-8.48, 8.53.
  33. ^ Pausanias, Guide to Greece 8.48.6
  34. Peloponnesians
    , and afforded peculiar safety to its suppliants" (Pausanias, Description of Greece iii.5.6)
  35. ^ Description of Greece viii.4.8.
  36. ^ Bon 1969, p. 522.
  37. ^ Gritsopoulos 1939, p. 109.
  38. ^ Konti 1985, pp. 94–95.
  39. ^ Bon 1969, pp. 67–70.
  40. ^ Bon 1969, pp. 522–523.
  41. ^ Bon 1969, pp. 112, 146, 182, 523–524.
  42. ISBN 1107434580

Sources

External links

American Cyclopædia article Tegea
.
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