Tehreek-e-Istiqlal

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Tehreek-e-Istiqlal
تحریک استقلال
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Tehreek-e-Istiqlal (

Urdu: تحریک استقلال) was a political party in Pakistan. It was once the second most popular political party in Pakistan.[5] It was formed by Air Marshal Retd. Asghar Khan in 1970.[6][7]

In the 1970s, Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, many prominent public figures were active members of Tehrik-i-Istiqlal including Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, Allama Aqeel Turabi, Aitzaz Ahsan, Sheikh Rashid Ahmad, Javed Hashmi, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti, Mushahid Hussain Syed, Mehnaz Rafi, Raja Nadir Pervez, Gohar Ayub Khan, Nisar Khoro, Nafees Siddiqui, Ashraf Liaqat Ali Khan, Zafar Ali Shah, Ahmed Raza Kasuri, Muhammad Iqbal Khan, Sher Afgan Niazi, Manzoor Wattoo, Musheer Pesh Imam, Syeda Abida Hussain, Syed Fakhar Imam, Raja Niaz Khan (AJK) and many others. But at last movement Gen. Zia postponed the elections and Asghar Khan remained in house arrest for more than five years. Asghar Khan joined the newly formed Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD) in 1983 and was detained by the government. Quaid Air Marshal Retd. Asghar Khan.[8]

In

Pakistan Peoples Party for electoral calculus.[9]

In January 2012, Tehreek-e-Istiqlal announced merging with the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.[10][11]

History

Formation

Main articles:
Dharna
Dharna. Asghar Khan instigated multiple Dharna movements to remove the elected civilian governments in Pakistan over the accusations of monetary corruption throughout the 1970s and 1990s.[12]

The party was founded by

second war with India in 1965 after reading a statement from Ayub Khan after meeting the latter.: 23–24 [15]

Activities of party

During the nationwide

Four Provinces of Pakistan.: 159 [16]

After the disastrous

Yahya administration turned over the civilian government to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as President, Khan accused Bhutto of escalating the situation that led to the creation of Bangladesh and noting that: "We are living virtually under one-party state... The outstanding feature is suppression."[14]

In 1973, criticism of Prime Minister Bhutto grew further and Khan held him directly responsible for authorizing the

nationalization of industry in Pakistan and his party benefitted from financial support from industrialists such as Nawaz Sharif, Javed Hashmi, Shuja'at Hussain to oppose such policy measures. In 1975–76, Khan eventually supported and was instrumental in forming the National Front, a massive nine-party conservative alliance, and was said to be determined to oust Bhutto and his party from the government and power.: 163 [18]

The party participated in the

Army Chief General Zia-ul-Haq reminding them of not to obey the law of their civilian superiors.: 68 [19]: contents [20] Excerpts of this letter was later published by the historians as Khan later asking the military to renounce their support for the "Illegal regime of Bhutto", and asked the military leadership to "differentiate between a "lawful and an unlawful" command... and save Pakistan.".: 181 [21]

To the historians and observer, the letter was a pivot for the military to engage in establishing

Zia administration but he declined to serve.[21]

Imprisonment of Asghar khan and political struggle to maintain image

After the imposing of martial law by the bloodless 5 July 1977

Zia administration and called for support for restoring democracy.[21] On television interviews with news channels, Khan strongly defended his letter as according to him, "nowhere in the letter had he asked for the military to take over", and he had written it in response to a news story he read in which an Army Major had shot a civilian showing him the "V sign".[21]

In 1983, Khan went on to join the left-wing alliance, the

Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD) led by Benazir Bhutto, supported by the communist parties at that time.[22]

Khan was kept under house arrest at his Abbottabad residence from 16 October 1979 to 2 October 1984 and was named a

M. K. Junejo.: 134 [25]

In 1988, his letter calling for support for

1997 Pakistani general elections.: 703 [28]

Public disapproval and merging with Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

Since 1990, Khan's political image had failed to sustain any political influence in Pakistan.[29] In 1998–99, Asghar Khan made unsuccessful attempts to merge his party's cause to Imran Khan's PTI.: 887 [30]

In 2002, he handed over his party to his elder son,

National Democratic Party in 2004, which he remained part of until 2011.: 428 [31] On 12 December 2011, Asghar Khan announced his full support of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and Imran Khan.[32] He praised Imran Khan for his struggle and endorsed him as the only hope left for the survival of Pakistan.[32] This endorsement came at a crucial time for Imran Khan, when many tainted politicians were joining his party.[32][33]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9780582902558
    . Retrieved 20 May 2018. asghar khan national democratic party.
  2. ISBN 9780582902558
    . Retrieved 20 May 2018. asghar khan national democratic party.
  3. ^ Naveed Siddiqui, Dawn.com (2018-01-05). "Air Marshal Asghar Khan passes away in Islamabad". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  4. ^ "Striking similarities between PTI and Tehrik-e-Istiqlal". www.thenews.com.pk.
  5. ^ "Striking similarities between PTI and Tehrik-e-Istiqlal". www.thenews.com.pk.
  6. ^ Aziz, Shaikh (13 July 2014). "A leaf from history: Was Asghar tipped as premier?".
  7. ^ "The politics of opposition in Pakistan : a case study of the Tehrik-i Istiqlal, 1971–77 | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  8. ISBN 978-0-19-547620-0
    .
  9. ^ "Who rigs polls in Pakistan and how?". 19 June 2018.
  10. ^ "Air marshal (retd) Asghar Khan joins PTI". www.pakistantoday.com.pk. 12 December 2011.
  11. ^ Web Desk (2011-12-12). "Asghar Khan quits as TIP chief, backs PTI". Samaa. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  12. ^ a b Abbas, Mazhar (15 May 2018). "A story behind Asghar Khan case?". Mazhar Abbas report on GEO TV. GEO News. GEO TV. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  13. ^
    ISBN 978-0815713869
    .
  14. ^
    ISBN 978-0813388090
    .
  15. ^ "Indian and Foreign Review". Indian and Foreign Review. 17 (8–24). Publications Division of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. 1980.
  16. ISBN 9781576077122
    .
  17. ^ Pakistan), Sayad Hashmi Reference Library (Karachi (2008). The Balochistan chronicles: the archives of the Times, London and the New York Times on Balochistan, from 1842–2007. Sayad Hashmi Reference Library.
  18. ISBN 9780230599048
    .
  19. ^
    ISBN 9780981537894
    .
  20. ISBN 9781134989768
    .
  21. ^
    ISBN 0-312-21606-8
    .
  22. ISBN 81-7017-253-5
    . The Tehrik-i-Istiqlal of retired air marshal Asghar Khan had also joined the MRD by [1984] ... The so-called 'three Khans' – Nazrullah Khan of the Pakistan Democratic Party, Walid Khan of National Awami Party and Asghar Khan of the Tehrik – opposed [participation in the 1985 elections] and carried the rest with them.
  23. ^ "Pakistan". Amnesty International. 1981. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  24. ^ Pakistan Review. S. Ahmad. 1985.
  25. ISBN 81-7017-253-5
    . Once the [1988] National Assembly elections were over ... Air Marshal Asghar Khan, leader of the Tehrik-i-Istiklal party, has been swept aside, in both the constituencies where he contested the elections from.
  26. ISBN 9780706987317
    .
  27. ISBN 9781316419083
    .
  28. ISBN 9781349149513
    .
  29. ^ a b Zia Khan (13 December 2011). "Reinforcement: Asghar Khan is latest PTI recruit". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
  30. ISBN 9781568029528
    .
  31. ^ South Asia 2004. Taylor & Francis. 2003.
  32. ^ a b c Press Release (12 December 2011). "Asghar Khan backs Imran's PTI". Dawn Newspapers, 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
  33. ^ Press Release (12 December 2011). "Air Marshal (retd) Asghar Khan to join PTI". Pakistan Tribune. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
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