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| Type | Route | Medications | Odds ratio (95% CITooltip confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|
Menopausal hormone therapy |
Oral | Estradiol alone ≤1 mg/day >1 mg/day |
1.27 (1.16–1.39)* 1.22 (1.09–1.37)* 1.35 (1.18–1.55)* |
| Conjugated estrogens alone ≤0.625 mg/day >0.625 mg/day |
1.49 (1.39–1.60)* 1.40 (1.28–1.53)* 1.71 (1.51–1.93)* | ||
| Estradiol/medroxyprogesterone acetate | 1.44 (1.09–1.89)* | ||
| Estradiol/dydrogesterone ≤1 mg/day E2 >1 mg/day E2 |
1.18 (0.98–1.42) 1.12 (0.90–1.40) 1.34 (0.94–1.90) | ||
| Estradiol/norethisterone ≤1 mg/day E2 >1 mg/day E2 |
1.68 (1.57–1.80)* 1.38 (1.23–1.56)* 1.84 (1.69–2.00)* | ||
Estradiol/norgestrel or estradiol/drospirenone |
1.42 (1.00–2.03) | ||
| Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate | 2.10 (1.92–2.31)* | ||
| Conjugated estrogens/norgestrel ≤0.625 mg/day CEEs >0.625 mg/day CEEs |
1.73 (1.57–1.91)* 1.53 (1.36–1.72)* 2.38 (1.99–2.85)* | ||
| Tibolone alone | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | ||
| Raloxifene alone | 1.49 (1.24–1.79)* | ||
Transdermal |
Estradiol alone ≤50 μg/day >50 μg/day |
0.96 (0.88–1.04) 0.94 (0.85–1.03) 1.05 (0.88–1.24) | |
| Estradiol/progestogen | 0.88 (0.73–1.01) | ||
Vaginal |
Estradiol alone | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | |
| Conjugated estrogens alone | 1.04 (0.76–1.43) | ||
Combined birth control |
Oral | Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone | 2.56 (2.15–3.06)* |
| Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel | 2.38 (2.18–2.59)* | ||
Ethinylestradiol/norgestimate |
2.53 (2.17–2.96)* | ||
| Ethinylestradiol/desogestrel | 4.28 (3.66–5.01)* | ||
| Ethinylestradiol/gestodene | 3.64 (3.00–4.43)* | ||
| Ethinylestradiol/drospirenone | 4.12 (3.43–4.96)* | ||
| Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate | 4.27 (3.57–5.11)* | ||
| Notes: (1) Bioidentical progesterone was not included, but is known to be associated with no additional risk relative to estrogen alone. Footnotes: * = Statistically significant (p < 0.01). Sources: Main: [1][2] Additional: [3][4][5][6]
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