Thomas Stockham

Edit links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Thomas Stockham
Grammy

Emmy Award

IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal

AES Gold Medal
Scientific career
FieldsElectrical engineering
InstitutionsSoundstream
University of Utah
Doctoral studentsRaphael Rom
Olivier Faugeras

Thomas Greenway Stockham (December 22, 1933 – January 6, 2004) was an American scientist who developed one of the first practical digital audio recording systems, and pioneered techniques for digital audio recording and processing. He also led the development of the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) system.

Life and career

Stockham was born in

Lincoln Laboratory TX-0 mainframe computer installed at the campus to record their voices digitally into the computer's memory, using a microphone connected to an analog-to-digital converter and a loudspeaker connected to a digital-to-analog converter
, both attached to the TX-0. This expensive tape recorder led Stockham to his own digital audio experiments on this same computer in 1962.

In 1968, he left MIT for the

audio CD
sampling rate of 44.1 kHz.

Soundstream Inc. was the first commercial digital recording company in the United States, located in Salt Lake City. Stockham was the first to make a commercial digital recording, using his own Soundstream recorder in 1976 at the Santa Fe Opera.[3] In 1980, Soundstream merged with the Digital Recording Company (DRC) and became DRC/Soundstream.

Stockham played a key role in the digital restoration of

RCA Records
.

Watergate investigation

In 1974, he investigated President

White House tapes,[5]
alongside fellow members of the panel of persons nominated jointly by the White House and the Special Prosecution Force. It was he who discovered that the 18 minutes of erasures were not accidental, as Nixon's secretary Rosemary Woods claimed. Stockham was able to discern several distinct erasures and even determined the order of erasure.

Stockham's team reached agreement on seven conclusions detailed in their 87-page report to Chief Judge

John J. Sirica
:

1. The erasing and recording operations that produced the buzz section were done directly on the evidence tape.

2. The Uher 5000 recorder designated Government Exhibit #60 probably produced the entire buzz section.

3. The erasures and buzz recordings were done in at least five, and perhaps as many as nine, separate and contiguous segments.

4. Erasure and recording of each segment required hand operation of keyboard controls on the Uher 5000 machine.

5. Erased portions of the tape probably contained speech originally.

6. Recovery of the speech is not possible by any method known to us.

7. The evidence tape, insofar as we have determined, is an original and not a copy.[6]

Development of audio technology

Stockham led the development of the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) format, a user-recordable digital tape that was popular for a time in the 1990s. The continually lowering price of compact discs led to DAT being used only in certain roles, and its last major manufacturer, Sony, phased out development starting in 2005.[7]

Stockham received wide recognition for his pioneering contributions to digital audio. He received, among many others, the Gold Medal award from the

NARAS in 1994, the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal in 1998[9] and a Scientific and Engineering award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1999.[10]

References

  1. ^ Gilpin, Kenneth N. "Thomas G. Stockham Jr., 70, Digital Pioneer", The New York Times, January 31, 2004. Accessed December 3, 2017. "Thomas Greenway Stockham was born on Dec. 22, 1933, in Passaic, N.J. He earned his bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. degrees at M.I.T."
  2. ^ "Alumni Awards". Montclair Kimberley Academy. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
  3. ^ "An Audio Timeline". Audio Engineering Society.
  4. ^ Stockham, T.G. Jr.; Cannon, T.M.;
    S2CID 23708915
    .
  5. ^ "Thomas G. Stockham Jr., 70, Digital Pioneer". New York Times. 31 January 2004. In the mid-1970s, Dr. Stockham's work involved him in the Watergate scandal. He was one of six technical experts appointed by Judge John J. Sirica of Federal District Court to determine what caused the famous 18 1/2-minute gap on a crucial Watergate tape made in President Richard M. Nixon's office. Early in 1974, Dr. Stockham and other panel members reported that the gap was caused by at least five separate erasures and rerecordings, not by a single accidental pressing of the wrong button on a tape recorder, as the Nixon White House had suggested.
  6. ^ "Report on a Technical Investigation Conducted for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by the Advisory Panel on White House Tapes" (PDF). Audio Engineering Society. May 31, 1974.
  7. ^ "Rebuilding Sound From The Ground Up: Dr. Thomas Stockham". Sonic. 29 December 2021.
  8. ^ Schoenherr, Steven E. "Tom Stockham and Digital Audio Recording". Audio Engineering Society. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
  9. ^ "IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal Recipients" (PDF).
    IEEE
    . Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  10. ^ Ingebretsen, Robert B.; Stockham, Thomas G. Jr. (March 1984). "Random-Access Editing of Digital Audio". Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. 32 (3): 114–122.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Stockham&oldid=1184918724"