Titulus Regius
| Act of Parliament | ||
 Commencement 23 January 1484 | | |
| Repealed | 7 November 1485 | |
|---|---|---|
Status: Repealed | ||
Titulus Regius ("royal title" in Latin) is a statute of the Parliament of England issued in 1484 by which the title of King of England was given to Richard III.
The act ratified the declaration of the Lords and the members of the House of Commons a year earlier that the marriage of
After the death and overthrow of Richard III, the act was repealed, which had the effect of reinstating the legitimacy of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville's children.
Contents
Edward's marriage was invalidated because Bishop Robert Stillington testified that the king had precontracted a marriage to Lady Eleanor Butler.
And how also, that at the time of contract of the same pretensed Marriage, and before and long time after, the said King Edward was and stood married and troth-plight to one Dame Eleanor Butler, Daughter of the old Earl of Shrewsbury, with whom the same King Edward had made a precontract of Matrimony, long time before he made the said pretensed Marriage with the said Elizabeth [Woodville] Grey, in manner and form above-said.
The document also claimed that Elizabeth Woodville and her mother had used witchcraft to get the king to marry her. Since Richard's brother
Edward's reign was also criticised, he was said to have led by "sensuality and concupiscence" and delighted in "adulation and flattery" and to have been easily influenced by "persons insolent, vicious and of inordinate avarice", a reference to the Woodville family. In contrast, Richard was said to have been a man distinguished by "great wit, prudence, justice, princely courage, and memorable and laudable acts in diverse battles."[1]
Repeal
| Act of Parliament | ||
 Commencement 7 November 1485 | | |
| Repealed | 30 July 1948 | |
|---|---|---|
| Other legislation | ||
| Repealed by | Statute Law Revision Act 1948 | |
Status: Repealed | ||
After Richard was killed in battle, the act was repealed by the first parliament of the new king, Henry VII. The repeal was important because the new King and his supporters viewed Richard III's rule as a usurpation and also because Henry VII's prospective wife, Elizabeth of York, whom he had pledged to marry if he gained the throne, was the eldest daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville and the Act had made her illegitimate.
Henry also ordered his subjects to destroy all copies of it and all related documents without reading them. His orders were carried out so well that only one copy of the law has ever been found. That copy was transcribed by a monastic chronicler into the Croyland Chronicle, where it was discovered by Sir George Buck[citation needed] more than a century later during the reign of James I.
The repealing act was passed in the first Parliament of Henry VII, stating that the original Titulus Regius was
void, adnulled, repelled, irrite [invalidated], and of noe force ne effecte[2]
and that the original be destroyed, and that any copies should be either destroyed or returned to Parliament on pain of fine and imprisonment.
A law report from his reign stated:
...that the said Bill, Act and Record, be annulled and utterly destroyed, and that it be ordained by the same Authority, that the same Act and Record be taken out of the Roll of Parliament, and be cancelled and brent ['burned'], and be put in perpetual oblivion.[3]
Henry almost succeeded in suppressing the Titulus Regius.
Edward IV's first son, though Titulus Regius annulled his reign, is still counted as
See also
- Elizabeth MacKintoshwriting as Josephine Tey.
- Act of Accord (1461)
Notes
- ^ a b John A. Wagner, "Titulus Regius", Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses, ABC-CLIO, 2001, pp.268–70.
- ^ "Rotuli Parliamentorum A.D. 1485 1 Henry VII". Archived from the original on 22 October 2016.
- ^ Year Book 1 Henry VII, Hil., plea 1
- ^ Bryce, Tracy. "Titulus Regius: The Title of the King" Archived 2013-09-01 at the Wayback Machine, Richard III Society of Canada, accessed 31 October 2014