Tokyo Bay

Coordinates: 35°31′21″N 139°54′36″E / 35.52250°N 139.91000°E / 35.52250; 139.91000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Tokyo Bay
東京湾 (Tōkyō-wan)
Yoro River
Ocean/sea sourcesPacific Ocean
Basin countriesJapan
Surface area1,500 km2 (580 sq mi)
Average depth40 m (130 ft)
Max. depth70 m (230 ft)
IslandsSarushima

Tokyo Bay (東京湾, Tōkyō-wan) is a bay located in the southern Kantō region of Japan spanning the coasts of Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Chiba Prefecture. Tokyo Bay is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Uraga Channel. The Tokyo Bay region is the most populous and the largest industrialized area in Japan.[1][2][3][4][5]

Names

In ancient times, the Japanese knew Tokyo Bay as the uchi-umi (内海) , which means "inner sea". By the Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568–1600) the area had become known as Edo Bay (江戸湾, Edo-wan) after the city of Edo. The bay took its present name in modern times, after the Imperial court moved to Edo and renamed the city Tokyo in 1868.[6]

Geography

Greater Tokyo
at night (2018)

Tokyo Bay juts prominently into the

shore of Tokyo Bay consists of a diluvial plateau and is subject to rapid marine erosion. Sediments on the shore of the bay make for a smooth, continuous shoreline.[5]

Boundaries

Tokyo Bay, in a narrow sense (pink) and in a broad sense (pink and blue)

In a narrow sense, Tokyo Bay is the area north of the straight line from Cape Kannon on the west of Miura Peninsula to Cape Futtsu on the east Bōsō Peninsula. This area covers about 922 km2 (356 sq mi) in 2012, reclamation projects continue to slowly shrink the bay.[4][5]

In a broader sense, Tokyo Bay includes the Uraga Channel. By this definition the bay opens from an area north of the straight line from Cape Tsurugisaki on the east of Miura Peninsula to Cape Sunosaki on the west of the Boso Peninsula. This area covers about 1,100 km2 (420 sq mi). The area of Tokyo Bay combined with the Uraga Channel covers 1,500 km2 (580 sq mi).[3][4][5]

Depth

The

underwater topography
. Areas south of Nakanose are significantly deeper moving towards the Pacific Ocean.

Islands

The only natural island in Tokyo Bay is

Meiji period. The Imperial Japanese Navy maintained a degaussing station on the island until the end of World War II. The island is now uninhabited and is a marine park.[7]

Many

Taishō periods. After World War II these islands were converted to residential or recreational use. Odaiba, also known as Daiba, was one of six artificial islands constructed in 1853 as a fortification to protect the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo, and was known as the Shinagawa Daiba. After World War II Odaiba was incorporated into Tokyo and redeveloped for commercial and recreational use.[8] Before World War II, Yumenoshima was planned as an airfield (one of the largest in the world at the time), but after the US military expansion of Haneda Airport following World War II, the plan of the airfield fell through. The island briefly opened as a public beach before being repurposed and used as a landfill between 1957 and 1967 to dispose of the large quantities of garbage from the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The reclaimed land now hosts Yumenoshima Park with numerous recreational facilities. Hakkei Island (0.24 km2 (0.093 sq mi)), formerly Landfill Number 14, was constructed in 1985 and is home to Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise.[9] Other artificial islands include Heiwa, Katsushima, Shōwa, Keihin, and Higashiōgi
islands.

Rivers

Numerous rivers empty into Tokyo Bay, and all provide water for residential and industrial areas along the bay. The Tama and Sumida rivers empty into the bay at Tokyo.[3] The Edo River empties into Tokyo Bay between Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture. The Obitsu and Yōrō rivers empty into the bay in Chiba Prefecture.

Land reclamation

Land reclamation has been carried out along the coast of Tokyo Bay since the Meiji period. Areas along the shore with a depth of less than 5 m (16 ft) are simplest to carry out

Greater Tokyo
, there is little room for traditional garbage disposal sites; waste is rigorously sorted at the household, much of it is turned into ash and further recycled into bay landfill.

Bridges

A panoramic view of northern Tokyo Bay facing Tokyo from Odaiba island

The

bridge-tunnel
crosses Tokyo Bay between Kawasaki and Kisarazu; Tokyo-Wan Ferry also crosses the bay toward the Uraga Channel between Kurihama (in Yokosuka) and Kanaya (in Futtsu on the Chiba side).

Development

Fishing

Tokyo Bay was a historical center of the

Keihin and Keiyō industrial zones directly after World War II.[1]

Ports

A number of Japan's most important

Asia-Pacific Region
.

Industrial zones

Keihin Industrial Zone was built on reclaimed land in Kanagawa Prefecture to the west of Tokyo. This was expanded to the Keiyō Industrial Zone in Chiba Prefecture along the north and east coasts of Tokyo Bay after World War II. The development of the two zones has resulted in the largest industrialized area in Japan.[5] The large-scale industrial zones of the coastal Tokyo region have caused significant air and water pollution.[1]

Military facilities

The Port of Yokosuka contains the naval bases of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and the United States Forces Japan.

History

Mt. Fuji
far from Tsukuda Island (currently Tsukuda, Chuo-ku, Tokyo) in front of Edo, which is crowded with ships.
American planes over USS Missouri and Tokyo Bay, September 2, 1945

Perry Expedition

Tokyo Bay was the venue for the

Matthew Perry (1794–1858). Perry sailed on his four "Black Ships" into Edo Bay on July 8, 1853, and began negotiations with the Tokugawa shogunate that led to a peace and trade treaty between the United States and Japan in 1854.[10][11]

World War II

The Japanese Instrument of Surrender at the end of World War II was signed on September 2, 1945, on board USS Missouri (BB-63), which was anchored at 35° 21′ 17″ N 139° 45′ 36″ E. A flag from one of Commodore Perry's ships was flown in from the Naval Academy Museum and displayed at the ceremony.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Artificial islands in Tokyo Bay.

References

  1. ^
    OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  2. ^
    OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  3. ^
    OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  4. ^
    OCLC 173191044. dlc 2009238904. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  5. ^
    OCLC 153301537. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  6. ^ 神奈川県：総論 ＞ 東京湾 [Overview of Kanagawa Prefecture: Tokyo Bay]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012.
    OCLC 173191044. dlc 2009238904. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  7. OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
  8. OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
  9. OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
  10. ^ "Perry Ceremony Today; Japanese and U. S. Officials to Mark 100th Anniversary." New York Times. July 14, 1953,
  11. OCLC 153301537. Archived from the original
    on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
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