Torugart Pass
| Torugart Pass | ||
|---|---|---|
Elevation 3,752 m (12,310 ft) | | |
| Traversed by |  G315 – ЭМ-11 ЭМ-11 (E125) | |
| Location | China–Kyrgyzstan border | |
| Range | Tian Shan | |
| Coordinates | 40°35′00″N 75°25′00″E / 40.583333333333°N 75.416666666667°E | |
  Torugart Pass  Torugart Pass | ||
 | ||
| Torugart Pass | |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Túlūgá'ĕrtè shānkŏu |
Torugart PassChina. It is one of two border crossings between Kyrgyzstan and China, the other being Erkeshtam, some 165 km (103 mi) to the southwest.
The scenic lake
Artux and some 1,630 km (1,010 mi) to Ürümqi
.
The pass is also terminus of European route E125 and, under the new National Highway plans, the China National Highway 315, but neither are signed in this area by 2020.
History
The pass has been used since antiquity. During the
Anxi Protectorate.[3]
Russia and China first established a port of entry at the Torugart Pass in 1881. In 1906, Russia's Sino-Russian Transport Bank financed the construction of the road from the pass to Kashgar for 20 million rubles. In 1952, the Torugart Pass replaced the Sino-Soviet Split and reopened again in 1983. In 1995, the Torugart Port of Entry was relocated to a lower elevation (2,000m), closer to Kashgar, some 57 km (35 mi) away.[citation needed]
The pass is open to all nationalities but clearance requires careful arrangement of transportation.[4]
A
Ferghana Valley since 2012.[5] However, the Kyrgyz section of the rail has been stalled due to financial and technical issues.[6] In 2023 the project development received new push from the governments of the tree countries involved.[7] A tripartite agreement was signed on 17 September 2022 during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit,[8] however the funding is yet to be secured.[9]
Gallery
-
The ancient silk road showing the general location of the pass -
Map of the region including the Torugart Pass (unlabelled; roads can be seen) (AMS, 1948) -
Map of the region including the Torugart Pass (unlabelled; roads can be seen) (DMA, 1985) -
A ticket office at Bishkek's West Bus Terminal informs passengers about the schedule and route of the Bishkek-Artush-Kashgar bus traveling via Torugart Pass -
_-_panoramio.jpg)
Climate
| Climate data for Torugart Pass, elevation 3,504 m (11,496 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
3.3 (38.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
8.1 (46.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20.4 (−4.7) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−8.1 (17.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) |
4.7 (0.19) |
17.7 (0.70) |
26.6 (1.05) |
44.2 (1.74) |
50.2 (1.98) |
43.6 (1.72) |
45.6 (1.80) |
26.8 (1.06) |
21.1 (0.83) |
8.8 (0.35) |
6.2 (0.24) |
298.7 (11.79) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.5 | 6.8 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 14.8 | 15.8 | 13.6 | 13.3 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 121.3 |
| Average snowy days | 10.7 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 19.8 | 15.3 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 15.0 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 160 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
57 | 59 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 59 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 61 | 57 | 58 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217.1 | 207.7 | 243.6 | 259.2 | 272.8 | 276.5 | 302.1 | 278.9 | 255.2 | 245.4 | 221.2 | 207.6 | 2,987.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 72 | 68 | 65 | 64 | 61 | 62 | 67 | 67 | 70 | 73 | 76 | 72 | 68 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11] | |||||||||||||
See also
.svg){kind=small}
- China–Kyrgyzstan border
- Geography of China
- Geography of Kyrgyzstan
- Geostrategy in Central Asia
- Baykurut
References
- ISBN 1-86011-052-5 – via Internet Archive.
Torugart Pass
- ^ "Торугарт ашуусу" [Torugart Pass] (PDF). Кыргызстандын Географиясы [Geography of Kyrgyzstan] (in Kyrgyz). Bishkek. 2004. p. 89.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Kizilsu PrefectureGovernment Website) (in Chinese). Retrieved 2017-02-02.
汉代吐尔尕特一带属捐毒国。...到了唐代，这里归属安西四镇（焉耆、碎叶、于阗、疏勒）之一的疏勒都督府。
- ^ "Torugart Pass". Caravanistan. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ Muzalevsky, Roman (2012-05-30). "China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway Scheme: Fears, Hopes and Prospects". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
On April 17, Chinese construction corporation CRBC agreed to perform a feasibility study for the project within a year.
- ^ Mashrab, Fozil (2015-11-03). "Bishkek Puts Brakes on China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
Bishkek and Beijing seek to implement despite financial and technical issues
- ^ Yau, Niva (23 March 2023). "China Is Finally Making Progress on the China-Kyrgyzstan--Uzbekistan-Railway". Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ Brown, Zavior (4 December 2024). "The China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway: The Troubling Prospects and Why Renegotiations Should be Considered". Columbia Political Review. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ Torogeldi, Bakyt; Chynybaeva, Baktygul (October 31, 2023). "Ambitious China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway Project Faces Major Funding Challenges". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.