Trasmiera
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Trasmiera | ||
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Capital Ribamontán al Monte | | |
Municipalities | List
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Area | ||
• Total | 557.97 km2 (215.43 sq mi) | |
Population (2018) UTC+2 (CEST ) |
Trasmiera (
Municipalities
Trasmiera is composed of the 19 municipalities of
Name | Area (km2) |
Population (2001)[5] |
Population (2011)[6] |
Population (2018)[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Argoños | 5.5 | 1,035 | 1,699 | 1,723 |
Arnuero | 24.7 | 1,826 | 2,119 | 2,108 |
Bárcena de Cicero | 36.6 | 2,478 | 4,107 | 4,186 |
Bareyo | 32.4 | 1,733 | 2,065 | 1,972 |
Entrambasaguas | 43.2 | 2,399 | 4,636 | 5,090 |
Escalante
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19.1 | 742 | 762 | 771 |
Hazas de Cesto | 21.9 | 1,220 | 1,510 | 1,541 |
Liérganes | 36.7 | 2,305 | 2,444 | 2,370 |
Marina de Cudeyo | 28.4 | 5,058 | 5,264 | 5,118 |
Medio Cudeyo | 26.8 | 6,287 | 7,588 | 7,520 |
Meruelo | 16.4 | 1,188 | 1,781 | 1,982 |
Miera | 33.8 | 488 | 431 | 389 |
Noja | 9.2 | 2,104 | 2,653 | 2,539 |
Ribamontán al Mar | 36.9 | 3,688 | 4,475 | 4,447 |
Ribamontán al Monte | 42.2 | 2,005 | 2,165 | 2,257 |
Riotuerto | 30.5 | 1,466 | 1,634 | 1,609 |
Santoña | 11.5 | 11,053 | 11,468 | 11,060 |
Solórzano | 25.5 | 991 | 1,033 | 1,050 |
Voto
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77.7 | 2,260 | 2,772 | 2,745 |
History
Its history starts in
King
The most ancient
In the documents of the 11th century, the comarca of Trasmiera appears as a geographic and administrative entity. This
Merindad of Trasmiera
From the 13th century on, this demarcation was established as administrative entity by royal order. The king was represented by a merino, which at first was a person from the
Master masons of Trasmiera
The fame of the master
; however they barely left their mark in Cantabria.It is known that at the beginning of the 12th century a large number of masons of Trasmiera were called to work in the construction of
Contracts were temporal, and the emigration from the comarca generally took place in March, to come back for the winter. The most famous and most solicited masons were sometimes out of their homeland for years, and they only came back to get married or to administrate their properties, sometimes also to make their will; however they didn't lose their neighbour status in their hometowns, even if they stayed long years away from it. Normally the
Renowned masons and some of their works
- Cathedral of Palencia.
- Salamanca.
- Santiago de Compostela...
- Diego de Riaño: Cathedral and Town Hall of Seville.
- Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
- Juan de Maeda: Cathedrals of Granada and Seville.
- Diego de Praves: Royal architect in Valladolid.
- Juan de Nates: Works in Valladolid.
- Duke of Lermain Valladolid.
- Ferndinand VI and Charles III.
- Valentín Mazarrasa: Works in Valladolid, Toro and Zamora.
- Julián Mazarrasa: Author of a treaty on architecture.
Master altarpiece-makers
Another one of the traditional jobs of Cantabria and above all of the comarca of Trasmiera is the altarpiece-making; to conceive and compose an altarpiece, to come up with and arrange its design. Woodworking was very highly regarded during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. After the rules of the Council of Trent in 1563, which promoted the cult to icons and altarpieces, many workshops arose in this Cantabrian comarca. The highest peak is from the 17th century, from when much documentation exists.
Some altarpiece-makers as
- Master architect, who organized the structure and presented the design
- Master carver, who was in charge of the decoration's motives
- Master carpenter
- Master sculptor
- Master painter, who did the colors
- Master gilder, who did the gilding and the artistic scraping
In addition to these consummated masters, many apprentices and officials worked in the workshops. During the first five years the master taught the apprentice and gave him food and shoes. After that, if the apprentice wanted to continue with the job, he spent another five years as official until he reached enough knowledge level in the job that allowed him to become independent and establish his own business.
Hiring and execution process
When there was need for an altarpiece work, a banner calling for these masters was placed in the church door on Sunday. After a month, the altarpiece-makers gathered in said church and there they showed their drawings, their devised design and their work and payment conditions to the
Style of the images in Trasmiera
The Roman influence of Michelangelo and his followers reflected in the first stage of the Counter-Reformation is the style which the Trasmeran masters complied with. Images are represented with great realism and expressivity; the suffering of the saints and martyrs is patent. The most clear example of this tendency is Juan de Anchieta, disciple of Juan de Juni. After that, the style of the masters evolved, and half past the 17th century they let into their work the influence of Gregorio Fernández. The altarpiece workhouses imitated and spread the new trends until the tastes changed, and by the end of that century images are gradually removed, so the altarpiece structure got represented by other kind of decoration.
Master bellmakers
Bellfounding in Cantabria is tradition that goes back to the Middle Ages. The comarca of Trasmiera was a cradle for prestigious bellfounders, whose fame transcended the Spanish borders, which granted them works in some part of Europe and America. They reached such significance that many specialists remark that there is no cathedral, basilica or church that hasn't had in its belfries some work of a Cantabrian bellmaker.
In Trasmiera the job was carried out basically in the
) where bellmaking workshops abounded then. This knowledge was transmitted from fathers to sons through the centuries, constituting real sagas of master bellmakers.This importance allowed the fact that important cathedrals in
In 2004, as a wedding present to the
References
- ^ Estimate at 1 January 2018: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid.
- ^ "Los de Tresmiera pueden pescar en la mar alta para su comida, pero no para vender. Todos los demás no lo pueden hacer so graves penas, sobre lo cual tiene este villa ejecutoria"de Castañeda, Juan. (1592). Memorial de Juan de Castañeda.
- ^ "Merindad de Tresmiera del Baston de las Quatro Villas"de la Madrid Álvarez, Vidal. "La construcción de la Capilla de Nuestra Señora del Rey Casto y Panteón Real de la Catedral de Oviedo. Apéndice documental. Documento nº1. Escritura de ajuste y convenio para la reedificación de la Capilla del Rey Casto en la catedral de Oviedo.". Liño: revista anual de historia del arte (in Spanish). Universidad de Oviedo. Área de Historia del Arte. p. 113. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
- ^ "Leon et Asturias et Tresmiera fasta el rio Oue"Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1955). Primera crónica general de España que mandó componer Alfonso el Sabio y se continuaba bajo Sancho IV en 1289 (in Spanish). Gredos. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
- ^ Census at 1 November 2001: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid.
- ^ Census at 1 November 2011: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid.
- ^ Estimate at 1 January 2018: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid.
- ^ "Vírgen Bien Aparecida" bell stats
Bibliography
- CAMPUZANO RUIZ, Enrique. Cantabria. Pas y Miera. Trasmiera. Patrimonio Artístico Religioso, 2002. ISBN 84-931754-5-5
- Folleto turístico Cantabria infinita, editado por el Gobierno de Cantabria en julio de 2004.
- GARCÍA GUINEA, Miguel Ángel. Románico en Cantabria. Guías Estudio, 1996, Santander. ISBN 84-87934-49-8
External links
- (in Spanish) News of Trasmiera