Trichoderma longibrachiatum

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Trichoderma longibrachiatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Hypocreaceae
Genus: Trichoderma
Species:
T. longibrachiatum
Binomial name
Trichoderma longibrachiatum
Rifai [id; jv] (1969)[1]

Trichoderma longibrachiatum is a fungus in the genus Trichoderma. In addition to being a distinct species, T. longibrachiatum also typifies one of several clades within Trichoderma which comprises 21 different species.[2] Trichoderma longibrachiatum is a soil fungus which is found all over the world but mainly in warmer climates.[2] Many species from this clade have been adopted in various industries because of their ability to secrete large amounts of protein and metabolites.

Taxonomy and nomenclature

Trichoderma is a diverse genus with other 135 species in Europe alone.

anamorphic species complex allied with the sexual species, Hypocrea schweinitzii.[4] Evolutionarily T. longibrachiatum is the youngest clade of Trichoderma.[4]

Growth and morphology

Trichoderma longibrachiatum is a fast-growing fungus.[5] It typically produces off-white colonies that change to greyish green with age.[5] This species is able to grow over a wide range of temperature; however the optimal temperature for growth is ≥ 35 °C.[2] Trichoderma longibrachiatum is a clonal species that reproduces through 1-celled, smooth-walled conidia.[5]

Metabolism

Trichoderma longibrachiatum occurs commonly on decaying plant material where its ecological role ranges from that of a strict

terpenes and diketopiperazine-like compounds.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Trichoderma longibrachiatum is a soil fungus often found on dead wood, other fungi, building material and sometimes animals.[4]

Toxicity

Trichoderma longibrachiatum is not thought to pose risk to human health, although it has been isolated as an indoor contaminant with high

immunocompromised people[6] and has been found in the blood cultures derived from a neutropenic patient with lymphoma, bone marrow transplant patients, and patients with severe chronic kidney disease.[8]

Trichoderma longibrachiatum, produces small toxic peptides containing amino acids not found in common proteins, like alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, called trilongins (up to 10% w/w). Their toxicity is due to absorption into cells and production of nano-channels that obstruct vital

primary prevention the only management option.[9][10][11]

Industrial use

Trichoderma species are useful in industry because of their high capacity to secrete large amounts of protein and metabolites. It has been suggested that Trichoderma longibrachiatum could be used as a

biofuels.[14] Trichoderma longibrachiatum has also been reported in promoting plant growth by increasing nutrient uptake, inhibiting the growth of plant parasites, increasing carbohydrate metabolism, and phytohormone
synthesis.

References

  1. ^ "Trichoderma longibrachiatum". MycoBank.
  2. ^
    PMID 22956918
    .
  3. PMID 21994484
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 22405896
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-9070351434
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 24482532
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 9780444595768
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0824706838
    .
  9. ^ Reason Discovered for the Toxicity of Indoor Mould – ScienceDaily (Oct. 12, 2012) : https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121012074655.htm
  10. doi:10.1111/febs.12010
  11. ^ “Trilongins” Offer Insight into Mold Toxicity Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine Environmental health perspectives 2/2013.
  12. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.01.009
    .
  13. S2CID 24999957
    .
  14. PMID 23347999
    .
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