Tropical rain belt
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Mechanism
The reason the rain belt is situated near the tropics can be attributed to the fact that the Sun's radiation is strongest near the equator, which is located in the middle of the tropics. This
However, cooler air cannot hold as much moisture as hot air, so when the air rises and cools, its water condenses, forming clouds which cause rain in the form of thunderstorms and rain showers.
Location
The tropical rain belt is located along the equator, but they will extend out to the Tropic of Cancer, which is the 23.5 north latitude, as well as the Tropic of Capricorn, which is the 23.5 south latitude.[1] It moves north in the Northern hemisphere summer and south in the Northern hemisphere winter, following the thermal equator where temperatures are highest at each point in the year. It is a manifestation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.[3]
The tropical rain belt lies in the
The rain belt reaches roughly as far north as the Tropic of Cancer and as far south as the Tropic of Capricorn in the
Effects of climate change
As the earth warms, the rain belt is projected to move north of the current position.
As the Northern Hemisphere warms, a temperature gradient is established between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.[6] The warmer temperatures in the Northern parts of the tropics foster an environment more conducive to the development of moisture. The additional moisture is met with a low-level atmosphere that is cooler because the warm air has risen to the higher levels of the atmosphere.[6]
This scenario leads to increased precipitation and is a fundament behind the idea that the rain belt is moving north.[6] The contrast in temperature is only a part of the entire process that is driving the tropical rain belt northward.[6] Another factor that influences the tropical rain belt is ocean circulation. Ocean Overturning Circulation is a process that involves ocean circulation between the Antarctic and Arctic regions.[7]
Dargan Frierson explains that in this process, the Northern Hemisphere receives more heat than the Southern because the overturning circulation brings more heat into the Northern Hemisphere as opposed to the Southern. He also states that as a result, the extra heat is transferred to the tropical regions in the Northern Hemisphere, causing warm ocean water to be situated in the northern tropics.
However, there is also the possibility that climate change will slow down ocean currents and circulation, which can change the present-day dynamic and send the rain belt to the south.[7] Therefore, ocean circulation, ocean temperature, and the temperature of the earth are all attributing to the movement of the tropical rain belt. It is evident that the trend is northward and the belt is currently situated in the northern tropics, but the possibility of southward movement does exist.[7] The northward movement does affect many countries and crops because the tropical rain belt is essential to food production in areas that rely on heavy precipitation.
The tropical regions will be affected most by the northward movement of the rain. The banana and coffee crops in Guatemala and Indonesia will become compromised by the loss of precipitation.[4] In addition, the effects of a drier climate in Mexico could push the Mexican desert into southern portions of Texas, New Mexico and other areas in the southern U.S.[4] Areas in the Middle East, Western America, and the Amazon rainforest risk the possibility of becoming drier and less humid.[6] In contrast, the northward trend could bring more rain to areas in Asia already exposed to monsoons.[6]
An increase of moisture in monsoon prone areas could be catastrophic as massive floods could follow the large amounts of rain added to preexisting rain from monsoons.[6] Using geographical information, it is possible that the northward movement of the rain belt is already evident because of droughts in the western US, Syria and northern China.[6] Although the possible adversarial effects of the movement can be devastating, the northward movement of the rain belt could bring an increase of rain to areas that have been decimated by droughts, which could prove to be very beneficial.[4]
References
- ^ a b c d "Journey North: Global Climates and Seasons Precipitations". www.learner.org. 25 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2018-04-02.
- ^ Annual Migration of Tropical Rain Belt
- ^ ITCZ
- ^ a b c d Avery T. Dennis (7 November 2013). "Tropical rainbelts still shifting global crops". Center for Global Food Issues. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
- ^ "CO2 and Temperature Change". PlanetSEED. 10 November 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Wind and Rain Belts to Shift North as Planet Warms, Says Study". The Earth Institute, Columbia University. 31 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Jeremy Hance (21 October 2013). "Global Warming Could Shift Tropical Rainfall". Mongabay.com. Retrieved 29 October 2013.