Turing (programming language)
This article needs to be updated.(December 2021) |
Developer Holt Software Associates | | |
First appeared | 1982 | |
---|---|---|
Final release | 4.1.1
/ November 25, 2007 | |
static, manifest | ||
OS | Microsoft Windows | |
Major implementations | ||
Turing, TPlus, OpenT | ||
Dialects | ||
Object-Oriented Turing, Turing Plus | ||
Influenced by | ||
Euclid, Pascal, SP/k |
Turing is a high-level, general purpose programming language developed in 1982 by Ric Holt and James Cordy, at University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. It was designed to help students taking their first computer science course learn how to code. Turing is a descendant of Pascal, Euclid, and SP/k that features a clean syntax and precise machine-independent semantics.
Turing 4.1.0 is the latest stable version. Versions 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 do not emit stand alone .exe files. Versions pre-4.1.0 have outdated syntax and functions.
Overview
Named after British computer scientist
On November 28, 2007, Turing, which was previously a commercial programming language, became freeware, available to download from the developer's website free of charge for personal, commercial, and educational use.[3][4][5]
The makers of Turing, Holt Software Associates, have since ceased operations, and Turing has seen no further development since November 25, 2007.[4]
Syntax
Turing is designed to have a very lightweight, readable, intuitive syntax. Here is the entire "Hello, World!" program in Turing with syntax highlighting:
put "Hello World!"
Turing avoids
*comment*% Accepts a number and calculates its factorial function factorial (n: int) : real if n = 0 then result 1 else result n * factorial (n - 1) end if end factorial var n: int loop put "Please input an integer: " .. get n exit when n >= 0 put "Input must be a non-negative integer." end loop put "The factorial of ", n, " is ", factorial (n)
Open implementations
Currently, there are two open source alternative implementations of Turing: Open Turing, an open source version of the original interpreter, and TPlus, a native compiler for the concurrent system programming language variant Turing Plus. OpenT, a project to develop a Turing compiler, was discontinued.
Open Turing
Open Turing is an open-source implementation of the original Turing interpreter for Windows written by Tristan Hume. It includes speed improvements, new features such as OpenGL 3D and a new code editor. It is fully backwards compatible with the closed-source implementation.[6]
TPlus
TPlus is an open-source implementation of original (non-Object-Oriented) Turing with systems programming extensions developed at the University of Toronto and ported to
Turing+
static, manifest | |
---|---|
Influenced by | |
Concurrent Euclid, Turing | |
Influenced | |
Object-Oriented Turing |
Turing+ (Turing Plus) is a
Turing+ was explicitly designed to replace Concurrent Euclid in systems-programming applications. The TUNIS operating system, originally written in Concurrent Euclid, was recoded to Turing+ in its MiniTunis implementation. Turing+ has been used to implement several production software systems, including the language TXL.
Object-Oriented Turing
Influenced by | |
---|---|
Turing |
Object-Oriented Turing is an extension of the Turing programming language and a replacement for
There is an integrated development environment under the X Window System and a demo version.[citation needed] Versions exist for Sun-4, MIPS, RS-6000, NeXTSTEP, Windows 95, and others.
References
- ^ Fluck, A.; Webb, M.; Cox, M.; Angeli, C.; Malyn-Smith, J.; Voogt, J.; Zagami, J. (2016). "Arguing for computer science in the school curriculum". Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 19 (3): 38–46.
- ^ [email protected]. "Download Turing & RTP (Ready to Program)". compsci.ca. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
- ^ "Holt Software Associates". January 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
- ^ a b "Holt Software Associates (old)". 2007-11-25. Archived from the original on 2010-04-17. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
- ^ "Download Turing 4.1.1". compsci.ca Blog. 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
- ^ Hume, Tristan. "Open Turing". Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Cordy, James. "Turing+ 6.1". Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- OCLC 194807519. BL Shelfmark 0578.623000.
- OCLC 71476276.
Further reading
- Grogono, Peter (1995). Programming with Turing and Object Oriented Turing. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-94517-0.
- ISSN 0316-6295.
- S2CID 40859457.
- OCLC 17377539.
External links
- OpenTuring on GitHub