Type 10
Type 10 | |
---|---|
Type 90 12.7 mm machine gun | |
Engine | 4-stroke 22.6-litre diesel V8 MHI 8VA34WTK 1,200 hp/2,300 rpm |
Power/weight | 27 hp/tonne |
Transmission | Continuously variable transmission (hydraulic-mechanical transmission) |
Suspension | Hydropneumatic suspension |
Operational range | 500 km |
Maximum speed | Forward: 70 km/h Backward: 70 km/h[3] |
The Type 10 (10式戦車, Hitomaru-shiki sensha) is a
Overview
The Type 10 started as the TK-X (MBT-X) project, intended to complement and eventually replace the
Design
Development history
In the early 2000s, the JGSDF recognized a need to field a
A Ministry of Defense assessment found that C4I upgrades to existing Type 74 and Type 90 tanks were not feasible, primarily due to a lack of internal space. Thus, development of a completely novel main battle tank was deemed necessary.[5]
Armor
The use of
The vehicle's armor consists of removable sections, allowing operators to balance weight and protection depending on the mission profile. The Type 10 weighs 40 tonnes (44 short tons) in its base configuration, 44 tonnes (49 short tons) in standard configuration, and 48 tonnes (53 short tons) fully loaded. The prototype featured in 2008 at TRDI weighed 44 tonnes.[7]
The Type 10 weighs less than its predecessor, the Type 90. The composite armor weight was increased, however, from 1,380 to 1,940 kg (3,040 to 4,280 lb) for the turret, and from 1,249 to 2,680 kg (2,754 to 5,908 lb) for the hull.
In a penetration resistance test, APFSDS rounds were fired at the hull from a distance of 250 m (270 yd).[8][9] Each armor module and mantlet achieved the required performance specified in "Type 10 tank GV-Y120001E".
Protection against 120mm kinetic energy penetrators is limited to the front of the hull, turret, and gun mantlet, with the exception of the lower glacis.
The top armor can effectively counter explosively formed penetrators and related threats.[10]
Electronics
The Type 10 tank is equipped with a
According to design documentation, the C4I system enables the following:[11]
- Platoon-level automatic target recognition and target synchronization.
- Real-time sharing of commands from the platoon leader.
- Real-time vehicle status monitoring (e.g. position, rotation, weapon status).
- Fire control system integration.
In addition to the above C4I capabilities, the Type 10 also includes:
- A continuously variable transmission (CVT)[12] allowing the tank to reach 70 km/h (43 mph) in both forward and reverse.
- A faster autoloader allowing the main gun to fire every 3.5 seconds.[13]
- Hydropneumatic active suspension[12] providing improved recoil dampening and adjustable chassis height
- Daytime and night vision cameras mounted around the turret, providing 360° coverage and C4I integration.[7]
Armament
Whereas the Type 90 was equipped with the
The gunner has access to a
A
Strategic transportation
The predecessor of the Type 10, the Type 90, was deployed only in Hokkaido due to road and bridge weight limitations in mainland Japan. For this reason, weight was a priority in design, as the Type 10 needed to be capable of deploying anywhere in Japan. Size and weight reductions made the Type 10 six tonnes lighter than the Type 90. Approximately 84% of bridges in Japan can accommodate the Type 10, compared to only 65% for the Type 90, and ~40% for other NATO tanks.[16]
Development
The development costs as of 2008 are approximately
The Japanese Ministry of Defense formally acknowledged the Type 10 in December 2009.
In 2010, the Japanese Ministry of Defense placed a
The Type 10 entered service in January 2012,[19] with production continuing at a steady rate. As of 2020, there were 76 units in service, with plans to order 12 more that year.[20]
Export attempt
On 4 January 2014, sources revealed that Turkey was interested in signing a joint development deal of tank engines based on the Type 10's engine. The Type 10 tank boasts high mobility, including a backward movement speed of 70 km/h (43 mph).[21] The engine was to power the Turkish Altay tank. However, negotiations broke down, and the deal was "off the agenda" by March 2014. Provided reasons included Japan's stringent arms export ban laws, Turkey's intention to export the Altay themselves, and Japan's reluctance to license the engine.[22]
Operators
- Japan[23]
Gallery
-
2010 prototype model
-
Rear view of the prototype
-
Production model
-
Closeup view showing M2 Browning .50 caliber and smoke launchers
-
Closeup view showing sensor package and M2
-
A tanker in the commander's hatch
-
Braking demonstration
-
Type 90 (left) and Type 10 (right)
-
Type 74 (left) and Type 10 (right)
-
Braking demonstration during exercise
-
Front view
-
Prototype on display
See also
- Type 61 (1st generation)
- Type 74 (2nd generation)
- Type 90(3rd generation)
- M10 Booker, US light tank/assault gun comparable in weight and price to Type 10
- Type 15 tank
References
- ^ "我が国の防衛と予算~防衛力強化加速パッケージ~ -令和4年度予算(令和3年度補正を含む)の概要" [Japan's Defense and Budget - Acceleration Package for Strengthening Defense Capabilities - - Overview of the FY2022 Budget (including FY2021 Amendment) - FY2022 Budget Overview] (PDF) (in Japanese). 防衛装備庁. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ "我が国の防衛と予算~防衛力強化加速パッケージ~ -令和4年度予算(令和3年度補正を含む)の概要" [Japan's Defense and Budget - Acceleration Package for Strengthening Defense Capabilities - - Overview of the FY2022 Budget (including FY2021 Amendment) - FY2022 Budget Overview] (PDF) (in Japanese). 防衛装備庁. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ 10式戦車 走行展示 Type10 Tank, Japan's new MBT. YouTube. 11 July 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Introduction of the aircraft Type 10 tank -Japanese Ministry of Defense, Japan Defense Focus No.33 Column". Oct 2012. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Ichinohe 2011.
- ^ Japanese Ministry of Defense Technology Research and Development Institute (TRDI). "Department of Ground Systems Development". Archived from the original on September 1, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
- ^ a b c GlobalSecurity.org. "Type 10 MBT-X Prototype (TK-X)". Archived from the original on December 12, 2018.
- ^ "正面要部耐弾性試験のための労務借上" [Borrowing labor for bulletproof test of main part of front] (PDF). p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ^ "Resilience test method for armored kinetic energy bullets NDS Z 0012B" (PDF). Retrieved June 25, 2021.
- ^ "防衛庁技術研究本部五十年史".
- ^ Defense Industrial Production Committee 2014.
- ^ a b "Accelerating Defence Acquisition: What Defence Can Learn From the World of Motorsport" (PDF). RUSI Defence Systems. Royal United Services Institute: 81–82. June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 20, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "10式戦車による戦車射撃訓練". Retrieved January 22, 2021.
- ^ "Japanese MOF report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ "Type 10, 10式戦車". WeaponSystems.net. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- ^ Ministry of Defence (April 2010). "新たな時代の安全保障と防衛力に関する懇談会 - 第5回配布資料 「防衛生産・技術基盤」" [Handout for the Fifth Meeting of The Council on Security and Defense Capabilities in the New Era - Defense Production and Technology Base] (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
- ^ Williamson J., Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Japan 1831-1938, 1939 to 1945: Bank of Japan Historical Statistics Afterwards, Japanese Historical Consumer Price Index numbers based on data available from the Japanese Statistics Bureau. Japan Historical Consumer Price Index (CPI) – 1970 to 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2014. For between 1946 and 1970, from "昭和戦後史". Retrieved 2015-01-24.
- ^ "Based on the production of thirteen Type 10 tanks during FY2010" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 23, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
- ^ "時事ドットコム:動画特集 陸上自衛隊「10式戦車」入魂式=量産型1号車に機甲の魂を注入" [Ceremony to mark the unit on the first mass-produced vehicle]. 時事ドットコム (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Armyrecognition.com, ed. (March 16, 2020). "Army of Japan to acquire more local-made Type 10 Main Battle Tanks MBTs". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
- ^ Armyrecognition.com, ed. (January 7, 2014). "Japan is looking to develop an engine for main battle tank in collaboration with Turkey". Archived from the original on January 7, 2014.
- ^ "Japan Deal Scrapped, Turkey Looking for Tank Engine". Defensenews.com. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ^ "陸上自衛隊:車両 (JGSDF: Vehicles)". 陸上自衛隊 公式Webサイト (JGSDF Official Website) (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-12-18.
Bibliography
- Defense Industrial Production Committee, ed. (February 2014). "10式戦車と今後の戦車製造の態勢" [Type 10 tanks and the future of tank manufacturing]. Special Journal of Defense Industrial Production Committee (防衛生産委員会特報) (in Japanese) (285). NAID 40019994077.
- Kiyotani, Shinichi [in Japanese] (27 February 2008). "Japan unveils TK-X main battle tank prototype". Jane's Defence Weekly. 45 (9): 13.
- Ichinohe, Takao (June 2011). "Type 10 Tanks of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force". 10式戦車と次世代大型戦闘車 [Type 10 Tanks and Next-generation Heavy Fighting Vehicles]. Supplement to NCID AN00067836.
- Technical Research and Development Institute, ed. (2012). 防衛省技術研究本部六十年史 [Sixty Years of the Technical Research Headquarters of the Ministry of Defense] (in Japanese). NCID BB10936527.
External links
- Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 1 – Japanese Ministry of Defense.
- Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 2 – Japanese Ministry of Defense.
- Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 3 – Japanese Ministry of Defense.
- New Tank – Japanese Ministry of Defense TRDI.
- TRDI Official Photos of Type 10 tank #1
- TRDI Official Video of TK-X tank
- Slalom shooting of Type 10 Tank on YouTube (Car Watch)
- Japan New 44ton MBT (Main Battle Tank) Type10 Tank Prototype (TK-X) Test on YouTube