User:Quake1234/sandbox
Earthquakes in Papua are due to its location near the geologically-active
Pacific Ring of Fire
, making it the most earthquake-prone country on earth.
Architecture and earthquake resistance
Types of building construction vary by area; mud-brick houses are common in Highlands Region and most of the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia Prefectures, informal housing and concrete and brick structuring are common in Vanuatu, Tonga and Fiji Prefectures, as well as the Southern Region, especially in Port Moresby and the Papuan Peninsula, where it is more unreinforced.
Due to the devastation of past earthquakes, quake-proof structures are predominant in New Britain and Ireland, parts of Fiji and New Caledonia Prefectures, as well as in Madang Province, where they co-exist with many weaker and older structures.
Due to the Mw 9.3 2023 New Guinea earthquake and tsunami (scientifically known as the Great Papua earthquake), which caused extreme destruction in Wewak, Madang and Mount Hagen, destroyed buildings in the Momase Region are being rebuilt with more strict guidelines, with 80% of the region's destroyed buildings reconstructed by December 2023.
Statistics
Due to the Great Momase earthquake, a study was carried out across Papua throughout March and April of 2023, based on past seismicity and to "help civilians prepare for future tremors".
| City (up to 100km away from epicentre) | Population | Chance of Mw5.0-5.9 event | Chance of Mw6.0-6.9 event | Chance of Mw7.0-7.9 event | Chance of Mw8.0+ event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aitape | 1,850,920 | 15.1% | 3.0% | 0.6% | 0.1% |
| Angoram | 2,429,160 | 13.0% | 2.6% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
Arawa
|
1,721,220 | 24.6% | 4.8% | 0.9% | 0.2% |
| Bulolo | 1,604,743 | 13.8% | 2.9% | 0.6% | 0.1% |
| Daru | 5,785,150 | 0.3% | <0.1% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
| Finschhafen | 2,234,760 | 33.9% | 7.9% | 1.6% | 0.3% |
| Gizo | 2,387,760 | 6.7% | 1.4% | 0.3% | <0.1% |
| Goroka | 11,364,215 | 20.3% | 4.4% | 0.9% | 0.2% |
| Honiara | 5,796,378 | 8.8% | 1.8% | 0.4% | <0.1% |
| Isangel | 1,502,428 | 15.7% | 3.6% | 0.7% | 0.1% |
| Kainantu | 5,172,800 | 26.3% | 5.9% | 1.2% | 0.2% |
| Kandrian | 1,404,767 | 20.9% | 4.6% | 0.9% | 0.2% |
| Kavieng | 1,928,940 | 1.8% | 0.4% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
| Kerema | 2,126,547 | 2.5% | 0.5% | 0.1% | <0.1% |
| Kimbe | 5,286,562 | 24.1% | 5.8% | 1.2% | 0.2% |
| Kirakira | 2,217,003 | 17.2% | 3.5% | 0.7% | 0.1% |
| Kiunga | 1,572,708 | 4.3% | 0.9% | 0.2% | <0.1% |
| Kokopo | 10,097,099 | 20.0% | 4.1% | 0.8% | 0.2% |
| Labasa | 2,435,882 | 3.4% | 0.7% | 0.1% | <0.1% |
| Lae | 14,633,040 | 34.8% | 8.2% | 1.7% | 0.3% |
| Luganville | 2,053,282 | 15.7% | 3.6% | 0.7% | 0.1% |
| Madang | 5,884,729 | 26.5% | 5.7% | 1.1% | 0.2% |
| Mendi | 5,211,601 | 7.0% | 1.4% | 0.3% | <0.1% |
| Mount Hagen | 14,798,360 | 4.6% | 0.9% | 0.2% | <0.1% |
| Nouméa | 9,562,360 | 0.9% | 0.2% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
Nuku'Alofa
|
1,034,013 | 6.9% | 1.1% | 0.3 | <0.1% |
| Popondetta | 3,966,580 | 1.6% | 0.3% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
| Port Moresby | 37,239,718 | 1.5% | 0.3% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
| Port Vila | 4,612,320 | 14.6% | 3.1% | 0.6% | 0.1% |
| Saidor | 1,009,105 | 37.3% | 8.9% | 1.8% | 0.4% |
| Suva | 16,963,040 | 1.5% | 0.3% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
| Tari | 7,502,620 | 11.9% | 2.5% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
| Vanimo | 1,623,980 | 13.3% | 2.8% | 0.6% | 0.1% |
| Wewak | 8,208,686 | 12.1% | 2.2% | 0.4% | <0.1% |
Lists
2020-2029
| Date | Region | Mag. | MMI
|
Deaths | Injuries | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-12-08 | Rendova, Gizo Province | 5.8 Mw 6.3 ML |
VII | 3 | 14 | 49 houses collapsed and 95 others damaged (VI-VII) in the epicentral area. |
| 2023-12-07 | Aneityum, Tafea Province | 7.1 Mw 7.3 ML |
VII | 8 | 47 | Seven people killed, 39 others injured, 93 houses collapsed and 174 others damaged (VII) in the Isangel-Aneityum area. One person killed, eight others injured, 23 houses destroyed and 165 others damaged (VI) in the Tadine-Wé area. Minor damage (IV-V) in Erromango, Nouméa and Port Vila. |
| 2023-11-27 | Turubu, East Sepik Province | 6.5 Mw 6.8 ML |
VII | 10 | 103 | Six people killed, 33 others injured, 104 houses destroyed and 865 others damaged (VI-VII) in the epicentral area. One person killed, 38 others injured, six houses destroyed and 203 buildings damaged (V-VI) in Wewak. Three people killed, 32 others injured, 45 houses destroyed and 301 buildings damaged (VI) in Angoram. |
| 2023-11-22 | Maewo, Sanma Province | 6.7 Mw 7.0 ML |
VIII | 12 | 53 | 243 houses destroyed and 678 others damaged (VI-VIII) in Maewo. Damage to buildings (V) in Ambae and Pentecost. |
| 2023-11-11 | Port Vila, Shefa Province | 5.6 Mw 5.9 ML |
VII | 14 | 407 | Twelve people killed, 401 others injured, 24 buildings destroyed and 1,196 others damaged (VII) in Port Vila. Two people killed, six others injured and several houses damaged (V) in Epi. |
| 2023-11-07 | Malaita, Malaita Province | 5.5 Mw 5.7 ML |
VII | 1 | 29 | 56 houses destroyed and 124 others damaged (VI-VII) in the epicentral area. |
| 2023-10-29 | Tanna, Tafea Province | 6.0 Mw 6.4 ML |
VI | 0 | 17 | Nine people injured, 13 houses collapsed and 34 others damaged (VI) in the Isangel-Erromango area. Eight people injured and minor damage to 41 buildings (V) in Port Vila. |
| 2023-10-25 | Nawae, Morobe Province | 5.2 Mw 5.3 ML |
VI | 0 | 3 | Two houses destroyed and 26 others damaged (IV-VI) in Lae. |
| 2023-10-20 | Kimbe, West New Britain Province | 4.8 Mw 5.0 ML |
V | 0 | 6 | Four houses damaged (V) in Kimbe. |
| 2023-10-15 | Saidor, Madang Province | 6.6 Mw 6.9 ML |
VIII | 3 | 162 | Multiple villages damaged (VIII) in Rai Coast Municipality. Two people killed and moderate damage (VI) in Madang. One person killed and some damage in (IV-VI) Morobe Province. |
| 2023-10-11 | Saidor, Madang Province | 6.8 Mw 7.2 ML |
IX | 4 | 169 | 700 previously damaged houses destroyed and 1,000 others damaged (VIII-IX) in Rai Coast Municipality. 14 injuries and some damage (V-VII) in Morobe Province. Three people injured and several houses destroyed in (V-VI) Eastern Highlands Province. |
| 2023-10-07 | Saidor, Madang Province | 7.1 Mw 7.4 ML |
IX | 84 | 1,482 | 2,499 houses destroyed, 21,300 others damaged and 42,897 people displaced (VII-IX) across 20 villages and in the Saidor-Madang area. Many houses also affected (IV-VI) in Morobe and Eastern Highlands Provinces. Some houses damaged or destroyed (V) in Lae. |
| 2023-10-03 | Lake Kutubu, Southern Highlands Province | 5.2 Mw 5.8 ML |
VII | 0 | 1 | 27 houses destroyed, 76 others damaged and 332 people displaced (VI-VII) in Lake Kutubu. One house damaged in Hela Province. |
| 2023-09-24 | Baimuru, Gulf Province | 4.0 Mw 4.1 ML |
IV | 0 | 0 | Two houses destroyed and 13 others damaged in Baimuru. |
| 2023-09-18 | Païta, New Caledonia | 4.6 Mw 4.4 ML |
VI | 0 | 1 | One house destroyed and six others damaged in Baimuru. |
| 2023-09-12 | Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands | 5.8 Mw 6.3 ML |
VI | 0 | 1 | Five houses destroyed in Guadalcanal and two buildings damaged (IV) in Honiara. |
| 2023-09-08 | East Pangia, Southern Highlands Province | 6.3 Mw 6.7 ML |
IX | 246 | 2,960 | 5,674 houses destroyed, 19,202 others damaged and 29,837 people displaced in 29 villages (VI-IX) across the Ialibu-Mount Hagen area. |
| 2023-09-04 | Suva, Fiji | 4.4 Mw 4.7 ML |
V | 0 | 12 | 15 houses destroyed and 125 others damaged (V) in Suva. |
| 2023-09-02 | Kokoda, Oro Province | 3.8 Mw 3.7 ML |
V | 0 | 0 | Four houses destroyed by a landslide (IV) near Kokoda. |
| 2023-08-25 | Kadavu, Fiji | 4.5 Mw 4.7 ML |
IV | 0 | 0 | One house destroyed and another damaged in Kadavu. |
| 2023-08-18 | Kokoda, Oro Province | 4.3 Mw 4.4 ML |
VI | 0 | 0 | 16 houses destroyed by a landslide (V) near Kokoda. |
| 2023-08-17 | Emae, Vanuatu | 5.6 Mw 6.0 ML |
VIII | 0 | 2 | Nine homes destroyed and 29 others damaged (VII) in Emae. At least 15 homes damaged (VI) in Epi and 26 others (V-VI) in Port Vila. |
| 2023-08-10 | Wampar, Morobe Province | 4.7 Mw 5.0 ML |
VII | 0 | 1 | 23 previously affected houses collapsed and three buildings damaged (V) in Lae. |
| 2023-08-05 | Morehead, Gulf Province | 4.9 Mw 5.2 ML |
VIII | 0 | 0 | 24 houses destroyed and 74 others damaged in Morehead. |
| 2023-07-26 | Merelava, Penama Province | 6.4 Mw 6.8 ML |
VII | 0 | 0 | Some houses destroyed by landslides in Merelava. |
| 2023-07-25 | Komba, Morobe Province | 5.0 Mw 5.6 ML |
VII | 0 | 1 | 63 previously affected houses destroyed and 28 others damaged (VI-VII) in Komba. Felt (IV) in Finschhafen and (III) in Lae. |
| 2023-06-30 | offshore Port Moresby | 5.4 Mw 5.9 ML |
V | 0 | 1 | 23 previously affected buildings destroyed and 22 others damaged (IV) in Port Moresby. |
| 2023-06-19 | Yawar, Madang Province | 6.2 Mw 6.5 ML |
VII | 8 | 156 | 172 houses destroyed, 696 others damaged, landslides and power outages in Yawar. |
| 2023-06-15 | southwest of Nuku'Alofa , Tonga
|
7.2 Mw 7.3 ML |
VI | 0 | 0 | Two homes destroyed and 42 others damaged (V) in Nuku'Alofa .
|
| 2023-06-13 | Oksapmin, Sandaun Province | 4.7 Mw 5.3 ML |
VII | 0 | 0 | Six homes destroyed and 56 others damaged (VI-VII) in Oksapmin. |
| 2023-06-07 | Western Province
|
4.3 Mw 4.4 ML |
VI | 0 | 3 | Five homes destroyed and seven others damaged (V-VI) in Kiwai. |
| 2023-06-06 | Safia, Oro Province | 4.9 Mw 5.1 ML |
VIII | 0 | 4 | 37 previously damaged homes destroyed and several others damaged (VI-VII) in Safia. Felt (III-IV) in Popondetta. |
| 2023-05-28 | Kapao, Morobe Province | 5.3 Mw 5.4 ML |
IV | 0 | 1 | Three houses destroyed by a landslide (III) in Bulolo. |
| 2023-05-21 | Kup, Chimbu Province | 4.5 Mw 4.6 ML |
V | 0 | 0 | 18 previously damaged houses destroyed and three others damaged (V) in the Kup-Kundiawa area. |
| 2023-05-19 | Loyalty Islands Province, New Caledonia | 7.7 Mw 8.2 ML |
V | 1 | 9 | 12 houses destroyed and 103 buildings damaged (V) in the Nouméa-Loyalty Islands area. A 1.79 m (5.9 ft) high tsunami was observed in Nouméa. |
| 2023-05-05 | Tetidu, Manus Province | 5.7 Mw 6.0 ML |
VIII | 0 | 3 | 44 houses destroyed and 719 others damaged (V-VIII) in the Lorengau-Tetidu area. |
| 2023-05-02 | Daga, Milne Bay Province | 4.8 Mw 5.0 ML |
VII | 0 | 0 | 10 houses destroyed, some others damaged and 2,805 people affected (VII) in Daga. |
| 2023-04-19 | Kandrian, West New Britain Province | 6.3 Mw 6.5 ML |
VI | 1 | 22 | Eight houses destroyed and 25 others damaged (VI) in Kandrian. |
| 2023-04-02 | Gawi, East Sepik Province | 7.0 Mw 7.3 ML |
IX | 184 | 3,820 | 105 people killed, 1,630 injured, 1,311 buildings collapsed and 23 villages damaged or destroyed (VIII-IX) in the Wosera-Gawi area. 64 people killed, 1,791 injured and 1,028 buildings destroyed (VII) in the Angoram-Aitape-Wewak area. 15 people killed, 309 injured and 865 buildings damaged or destroyed (VI) in the Mount Hagen-Mendi-Tari area. Minor damage (III-V) in Vanimo, Goroka, Madang, Port Moresby and Daru. |
| 2023-03-29 | Port Moresby | 3.4 Mw 3.8 ML |
V | 0 | 3 | Five houses partially collapsed and two buildings damaged in the epicentral area. |
| 2023-02-06 | Saidor, Madang Province | 9.3 Mw 9.6 ML |
XII | 139,770 | 382,807 | 48,091 people killed (IX-XII) in Madang Province, 41,701 people killed (VIII-X) in Bougainville Province, four killed (VI-VII) in New Ireland Provine and three killed (VI-VIII) in West New Britain Province A total of 381,406 buildings destroyed and 1,513,760 others damaged.
|
2010-2019
| Date | Region | Mag. | MMI
|
Deaths | Injuries | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-22 | Waria, Morobe Province | 5.0 Mw 5.2 ML |
VI | 0 | 0 | Six houses collapsed, 38 others damaged, landslides and power outages (VI) in the epicentral area. |
| 2015-05-21 | Guadalcanal, Guadalcanal Province | 5.7 Mw 6.0 Mw |
VII | 0 | 2 | At least 20 houses destroyed and 102 others damaged (VI-VII) in the epicentral area. |
| 2015-05-17 | Rabaul, East New Britain Province | 5.1 Mw 5.0 ML |
VII | 0 | 26 | At least 39 buildings previously weakened by earlier earthquakes destroyed and 62 others damaged (VI-VII) in the Rabaul-Kokopo area. |
| 2015-05-15 | West Ferguson, Milne Bay Province | 5.3 Mw 5.6 ML |
V | 0 | 0 | At least 14 houses destroyed, 66 others damaged in Esa'ala District. |
| 2015-05-08 | Kandrian, West New Britain Province | 5.9 Mw 6.2 ML |
VI | 0 | 0 | Four houses destroyed and 29 others damaged in the epicentral area. Minor damage (IV-V) in Kandrian. |
| 2015-05-07 | Bougainville Province
|
7.1 Mw 7.4 ML |
VI | 0 | 5 | At least 18 houses destroyed and 197 others damaged (V-VI) in Torokina; a 2.7 m (8.9 ft) tsunami caused some of the damage. |
| 2015-05-05 | Pomio, East New Britain Province | 7.5 Mw 7.4 ML |
IX | 38 | 336 | At least 31 people killed, 314 injured, 1,396 houses and five villages destroyed, 3,023 others damaged, landslides and liquefaction (VIII-IX) in Pomio. Five people killed, 29 injured, 92 houses destroyed and 601 others damaged (VI-VII) in West New Britain Province. Two people killed, 298 injured and many previously weakened buildings collapsed and power outages (VI) in Kokopo. A 4.2 m (14 ft) tsunami caused a majority of the casualties and damage in Pomio, and reached 1 m (3.3 ft) in Rabaul. |
| 2015-05-01 | Pomio, East New Britain Province | 6.8 Mw 7.2 ML |
VIII | 10 | 209 | Four villages severely damaged and 35% of buildings affected (VIII) in Pomio. Minor damage to some buildings (V-VI) in West New Britain Province. Some previously weakened houses collapsed and power outages (V) in Kokopo. |
| 2015-04-25 | Gawi, East Sepik Province | 5.4 Mw 5.6 ML |
VII | 0 | 1 | At least 53 houses collapsed and 958 others damaged in (VI-VII) in 14 villages surrounding Chambri Lake .
|
| 2015-04-03 | Sialum | 6.2 Mw 6.5 ML |
VII | 0 | 2 | Nine houses destroyed and 286 others damaged (VII) in the Kotte-Sialum area. Power outages (IV-V) in Finschhafen and Lae. |
| 2015-04-02 | Nabak, Morobe Province | 5.4 Mw 5.5 ML |
VII | 1 | 23 | Ten buildings destroyed and 538 others damaged (V-VI) in Lae. |
| 2015-03-29 | Sinivit, East New Britain Province | 7.5 Mw 7.8 ML |
IX | 287 | 2,988 | At least 180 people killed, 1,535 others injured and 25% of all buildings (IX) in Sinivit and Buka . A tsunami measuring 3 m (9.8 ft) caused a majority of the casualties and damage in the epicentral area, with flooding also occurring in the Kokopo-Rabaul-Buka area.
|
| 2015-03-17 | Tuvuca, Lau Province | 5.5 Mw 5.7 ML |
V | 0 | 0 | One house collapsed; some houses and roads damaged (V) in Tuvuca. |
| 2015-03-16 | Rabaul, East New Britain Province | 5.9 Mw 6.1 ML |
VII | 0 | 13 | Seven houses destroyed and 286 others damaged (VI-VII) in the Rabaul-Kokopo area. |
| 2015-02-19 | Ambrym, Malampa Province | 6.4 Mw 7.0 ML |
VIII | 4 | 37 | 233 houses destroyed and 1,343 others damaged (VII-VIII) in Ambrym and Epi. |
| 2015-02-15 | Erromango, Tafea Province | 5.0 Mw 5.2 ML |
VI | 0 | 0 | Ten houses damaged or destroyed and power outages (V-VI) in Erromango. |
| 2015-02-14 | Makira, Makira-Ulawa Province | 5.0 Mw 4.9 ML |
VI | 0 | 0 | Three homes destroyed and 200 others damaged (VI) in the epicentral area and minor damage to several homes (IV-V) in Kirakira. |
| 2015-01-23 | Epi, Shefa Province | 6.8 Mw 7.0 ML |
V | 0 | 0 | Many buildings and several roads damaged, rockfalls and power outages (V) in Epi and in Port Vila. |
| 2015-01-19 | Siane, Eastern Highlands Province | 5.0 Mw 4.8 ML |
VII | 0 | 2 | Eleven homes destroyed and several others damaged (VI-VII) in the Goroka area. |
| 2010-02-11 | Finschhafen, Morobe Province | 5.1 Mw 5.0 ML |
VII | 1 | 78 | At least 34 houses destroyed and 298 others damaged (VI-VII) in the Finschhafen area. |
| 2010-02-06 | Tamata, Oro Province | 5.1 Mw 5.2 ML |
VI | 0 | 3 | At least 19 homes destroyed, 77 others damaged and landslides in the epicentral area. |
| 2010-01-10 | Sialum, Morobe Province | 5.4 Mw 5.1 ML |
VI | 0 | 1 | Six homes destroyed and 44 others damaged (V-VI) in Sialum. |
| 2010-01-05 | Rendova, New Georgia Province | 6.8 Mw 6.9 ML |
VII | 1 | 24 | One person killed, 24 injured, 104 previously damaged houses destroyed and 484 others damaged (VI-VII) in Rendova Island. Minor damage (V) in New Georgia. |
| 2010-01-03 | Rendova, New Georgia Province | 7.1 Mw 7.5 ML |
VIII | 29 | 147 | At least 25 people killed, 99 injured, 1,033 houses destroyed and 3,784 others damaged (VII-VIII) in Rendova Island. Four people killed, 48 injured, 112 houses destroyed and 789 others damaged (VI) in New Georgia. Minor damage (V) in Gizo. |
| 2023-01-03 | Madang, Madang Province | 5.8 Mw 6.1 ML |
VII | 6 | 203 | At least 88 homes destroyed, 1,746 buildings and several roads damaged, and power outages (VI) in Madang. |
2000-2009
| Date | Region | Mag. | MMI
|
Deaths | Injuries | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-08-18 | Yengis, Highlands Province | 5.3 Mw 5.5 ML |
VII | 0 | 2 | Two people injured, 28 houses destroyed and 356 others damaged (VI-VII) in Yengis. |
| 2007-08-16 | Guadalcanal, Guadalcanal Province | 6.5 Mw 6.7 ML |
VII | 4 | 29 | Four people killed, 20 others injured, 112 houses destroyed and 1,354 others damaged (VI-VII) in Malango. Nine people injured and minor damage (V) in Honiara. |
| 2007-08-06 | Vanimo, Sandaun Province | 5.4 Mw 5.4 ML |
VI | 0 | 2 | Two people injured, six houses destroyed and 49 others damaged (VI) in Leitre. |
| 2007-08-01 | Ambae, Penama Province | 7.2 Mw 7.3 ML |
VIII | 10 | 431 | Five people killed, 90 others injured, 152 houses destroyed and 1,726 others damaged in (VIII) in Ambae. Three people killed, 299 others injured, 778 houses destroyed and 4,352 others damaged (VII) in Luganville. Two people killed, 12 others injured, 11 houses collapsed and 20 others damaged (V-VI) in Epi. Seventeen people injured, 110 houses destroyed and 302 others damaged (VI-VII) in Pentecost Island. Thirteen people injured, 31 houses destroyed and 275 others damaged (VI-VII) in Lakatoro. One house collapsed and five others damaged in Maewo. |
| 2007-07-26 | Aneityum, Tafea Province | 6.1 Mw 6.4 ML |
VI | 0 | 0 | Five houses destroyed (V-VI) in Aneityum. |
| 2007-07-22 | Vanimo, Sandaun Province | 5.8 Mw 6.4 ML |
VII | 0 | 15 | Twelve people injured, 16 houses destroyed and 207 others damaged (VII) in Leitre. Three people injured and minor damage (V) in Vanimo. |
| 2007-07-16 | Hoskins, West New Britain Province | 6.1 Mw 6.6 ML |
IX | 4 | 21 | Four people killed, 15 others injured, 346 houses destroyed and 1,331 others damaged (VIII-IX) in the Camp Hoskins area. Six people injured, 23 houses destroyed and 356 others damaged in Kimbe. One house destroyed (IV) in Kokopo. |
| 2007-06-28 | southwest of Bougainville Island | 6.7 Mw 6.8 ML |
V | 0 | 5 | Four people injured and six homes damaged (V) in Arawa .
|
Gallery
-
Landslide near the epicenter of the 2007 Hoskins earthquake
