Variegatic acid

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Variegatic acid
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
(E)-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxofuran-2(5H)-ylidene]acetic acid
Other names
3,3′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxy pulvinic acid
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C18H12O9/c19-9-3-1-7(5-11(9)21)13-15(23)16(27-18(13)26)14(17(24)25)8-2-4-10(20)12(22)6-8/h1-6,19-23H,(H,24,25)/b16-14+
    Key: MRRYHTCWZKZVIH-JQIJEIRASA-N
  • O=C(C(C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1)=C/2O)OC2=C(C(O)=O)/C3=CC(O)=C(O)C=C3
Properties
C18H12O9
Molar mass 372.285 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Variegatic acid (3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxypulvinic acid) is an orange pigment found in some mushrooms. It is responsible for the bluing reaction seen in many bolete mushrooms when they are injured. When mushroom tissue containing variegatic acid is exposed to air, the chemical is enzymatically oxidized to blue quinone methide anions, specifically chinonmethid anions.[1] It is derived from xerocomic acid, which is preceded by atromentic acid and atromentin, and its genetic basis is unknown. In its oxidized form (due to the production of a second lactone ring) is variegatorubin, similar to xerocomorubin.

It was first isolated from

saprobic lifestyle.[8]

Derivatives

Variegatic acid methyl ester, 3-O-methylvariegatic acid methyl ester, and 3,3',4,4'-tetra-O-methylvariegatic acid methyl ester are red-orange pigments found in Boletales.[9][10]

  • Variegatic acid methyl ester
    Variegatic acid methyl ester
  • 3-O-Methylvariegatic acid methyl ester
    3-O-Methylvariegatic acid methyl ester
  • 3,3',4,4'-Tetra-O-methyl variegatic acid methyl ester
    3,3',4,4'-Tetra-O-methyl variegatic acid methyl ester

See also

References

  1. doi:10.17221/524/2010-CJFS
    .
  2. doi:10.1039/C1967000373B
    .
  3. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06304.x
    .
  4. S2CID 84061662
    .
  5. S2CID 39654350. Open access icon
  6. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2004.12.048
    .
  7. ^ Tauber, J. P., Schroeckh, V., Shelest, E., Brakhage, A. A. and Hoffmeister, D. (2016), Bacteria induce pigment formation in the basidiomycete Serpula lacrymans. Environ Microbiol, 18: 5218–5227. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13558
  8. ^ Eastwood et al. (2011) The Plant Cell Wall- Decomposing Machinery Underlies the Functional Diversity of Forest Fungi. Science.
  9. ^ Gruber, Gertraud (2002). "Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung von chemotaxonomisch relevanten Sekundärmetaboliten aus höheren Pilzen, insbesondere aus der Ordnung der Boletales" (PDF). edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  10. ^ Gill, M., and Steglich, W. (1987) Pigments of fungi (Macromycetes). Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 51: 1–317.
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