Vehicle registration plates of Vietnam

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Vehicle registration plates of Vietnam generally take the form DDL-DDDDD for vehicles. Standard license plates have black characters on white background. Front plates measure 47 × 11 cm, rear ones are 27 × 20.^{[citation needed]} In 2020 and 2021, both plates measure 6 x 12. The current scheme for civilian vehicles omits the letters I, J, O, Q and W, with the letter R reserved for trailers, and includes the Vietnamese D.

History

French protectorate

In French Indochina, license plates were white-on-black on XXX1111 type, XXX is location code. 1111 can be anything (serial numbers).

1978–1984

Vietnamese plates in 1978–1984 were white-on-black and similar to previous one, but had 4 digits then 3 letters. 3 letters are city name, but based on Vietnamese language.

1984–2003

From 1984 to 2003 (current version) is black-on-white, then later green-on-white, with city name. Plates were A 1111 format, then 1A 1111 format, then AA 1111 format, then was going to switch to AAA 111 format, but the plan was cancelled. The leading two symbols are two digits, representing the province/municipality. The exact date of format changing is unknown. In 2012 a blue strip with a "VN" will be added on the left-hand side of the plates, as required by the new ASEAN licensing agreement.

The leading two numerals refer to the various provinces and major municipalities of Vietnam, unless they are letters (AA, AB, AC, and so on) which signify that the car belongs to the Ministry of Defence - in which case the plate will be red. Some plates also carry a red two-letter code following the provincial numerals, with "NG" (for ngoại giao) used for a diplomatic or NGO plate and "LD" for a vehicle belonging to a company which is 100% foreign-owned. If a colored letter (A, B, or C) follows the province code, the vehicle belongs to the local government).

Colors

• President's cars, Central Government's cars, law enforcement cars - White on blue^[1]
• Private vehicles - Black on white^[2]
• Commercial vehicle, construction vehicles - Black on yellow^[2][3]
• Military's cars - White on red^[2]
• Diplomat's cars - Black on white with red NG code^[4]
• Foreigner-owned cars - Black on white with black NN code^[4]

Formats

Regular plates

The format for regular plates began in 1984, with a modification made in 2010 to increase registration capacity. The system itself resembles an inverted FNI system of France. The registration format of the 2010 system is 12A-345.67, where 12 is the regional code, A is the serial letter, and 345.67 is the registration number. Regular plates have black lettering on white background.

Double-letter serials for special uses also exist for regular plates:

Serial	Used for
DA	Foreign investment companies
HC	Vehicles allowed to work in limited time of day only
KT	Special military vehicles
LA	Construction machinery (Note: This comes with a yellow background and follows 12AB-3456 format.)
LD	Joint ventures with foreign entities, and vehicles rented by foreigners
MA	Three-wheeled light transport vehicles
MĐ	Two-wheeled vehicles with electric power source
MK	Tractors
SA XA	Large-size equipment, e.g. combine harvesters, etc. (Note: This also comes with a yellow background.)
TĐ	Vietnam-made vehicles

Other formats

Commercial format

After 1 August 2020, all commercial vehicles in Vietnam must change to a yellow color vehicle plate.^[3]

NNL-NNNN

NNL-NNN.NN

State-owned format

Vehicles of state organizations receive plates with white lettering on blue backgrounds. The format is either NNL-NNN.NN or NNL-NNNN, where NN is the regional code, L is the serial, NNN.NN/NNNN is the number.

NNL-NNN.NN

Motorcycles

Motorcycles receive two-line plates of the NN-LL/NNN.NN format, which replaced the previous NN-LN/NNNN and NN-LN/NNN.NN format, with black lettering on white backgrounds.

NN-LL NNN.NN

Two-wheel vehicles registered before August 15, 2023 with electric power source use the NN-MĐN/NNN.NN format.

NN-MĐN NNN.NN

Diplomatic plates

Điện Biên Province

.

Diplomatic plates have their status codes in red, and the numbers in black on a white background.

• Diplomatic personnel based in Hanoi receive the 80-123-NG-45 format, where the red NG stood for ngoại giao, or "diplomatic", 123 being the country/organization code (e.g. 636 for South Korea), and 45 the registration the number. 01 is reserved for the head of the diplomatic mission, while the rest are given numbers from 02 to 99. Diplomatic mission based outside Hanoi received standard region codes instead of the 80 reserved for Hanoi. For example, diplomatic vehicles based in Da Nang would have a 43-123-NG-45 plate.
• International organizations based in Hanoi receive the 80-123-QT-45 format, where 80 is the code signifying national importance (i.e. being stationed in Hanoi), QT for quốc tế or "International", 123 the country code, and 45 the number (01 for the head of the organization, 02-99 for other members).
• International organizations based outside Hanoi receive a slightly different format of 12-QT-345-67, where 12 is the regional code, 345 being the country code, and 67 the number.

Status code	Meaning
NG (ngoại giao)	Diplomatic
NN (nước ngoài)	Foreigners without diplomatic status
QT (quốc tế)	International organizations

12-NN-655.11

Military format

Military vehicles bear red plates with white lettering in the format of AB-12-34, where AB is the unit code, and 12-34 being the number.

Military motorcycles receive the two-line AB/123 format, where AB is the unit code, and 123 the number. Mopeds receive an additional letter A after the number.

Temporary plates

Temporary plates are two-line plates with the T12/345.67 format, where T signifies the temporary nature of the plate, 12 being the regional code and 345.67 being the number.

T12 345.67

Codes

The provincial/municipal codes are listed here:

Number Province/municipality 11 Cao Bằng 12 Lạng Sơn 14 Quảng Ninh 15, 16 Hải Phòng 17 Thái Bình 18 Nam Định 19 Phú Thọ 20 Thái Nguyên 21 Yên Bái 22 Tuyên Quang 23 Hà Giang 24 Lào Cai 25 Lai Châu 26 Sơn La 27 Điện Biên 28 Hòa Bình 29–33, 40 Hà Nội 34 Hải Dương 35 Ninh Bình 36 Thanh Hóa 37 Nghệ An 38 Hà Tĩnh	Number Province/municipality 39, 60 Đồng Nai 41, 50–59 Hồ Chí Minh City 43 Đà Nẵng 47 Đắk Lắk 48 Đắk Nông 49 Lâm Đồng 61 Bình Dương 62 Long An 63 Tiền Giang 64 Vĩnh Long 65 Cần Thơ 66 Đồng Tháp 67 An Giang 68 Kiên Giang 69 Cà Mau 70 Tây Ninh 71 Bến Tre 72 Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu 73 Quảng Bình 74 Quảng Trị 75 Thừa Thiên–Huế 76 Quảng Ngãi	Number Province/municipality 77 Bình Định 78 Phú Yên 79 Khánh Hòa 80 Central Government, President and Ministry of Public Security* 81 Gia Lai 82 Kon Tum 83 Sóc Trăng 84 Trà Vinh 85 Ninh Thuận 86 Bình Thuận 88 Vĩnh Phúc 89 Hưng Yên 90 Hà Nam 92 Quảng Nam 93 Bình Phước 94 Bạc Liêu 95 Hậu Giang 97 Bắc Kạn 98 Bắc Giang 99 Bắc Ninh
* Note 1: These agencies also use regularly licensed vehicles

References