Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa
MaterialClay
SizeLength: 17.14 cm (6.75 in)
Width: 9.2 cm (3.6 in)
Thickness: 2.22 cm (0.87 in)
WritingCuneiform
Period/cultureNeo-Assyrian
PlaceKouyunjik (Nineveh)
Present locationRoom 55, British Museum, London
RegistrationK.160

The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa (

Middle Chronology
) despite allowing two possible dates.

The tablet gives the rise times of

heliacal risings and settings of Venus) in the form of lunar dates. These positions are given for a period of 21 years.[2]

Sources

This Venus tablet is part of Enuma Anu Enlil ("In the days of Anu and Enlil"), a long text dealing with Babylonian astrology, which mostly consists of omens in the form of celestial phenomena.

The earliest copy of this tablet to be published, a 7th-century BC

George Smith
as Enuma Anu Enlil Tablet 63, in "Tablet of Movements of the Planet Venus and their Influences" (The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, volume III).

As many as 20 copies of this text are currently on record, many of them fragmentary, falling into 6 groups.[3] The oldest of these copies is believed to be Source "B", found at Kish in 1924. It was copied from a tablet written at Babylon while Sargon II was King of Assyria between 720 and 704 BC.[4]

Interpretation

Several dates for the original omens, as contained in the tablet, were proposed early in the 20th century. The following dates, corresponding to the High,

Low and Ultra-Low Chronologies
, were inferred for the beginning of the Venus positions: 1702 BC, 1646/1638 BC, 1582 BC and 1550 BC, respectively.

The tablet's significance for corroborating Babylonian chronology was first recognised by Franz Xaver Kugler in 1912, when he succeeded in identifying the enigmatic "Year of the Golden Throne" ("Venus" tablet K.160) as potentially the 8th year of the reign of Ammisaduqa, based on one of his year names.[5] Since then, this 7th-century BC copy has been variously interpreted to support

several chronologies in the 2nd millennium BC.[6]

Many uncertainties remain about the interpretation of the record of astronomical positions of Venus, as preserved in these surviving tablets.[7] Some copying corruptions are probable. Problems of atmospheric refraction were addressed by Vahe Gurzadyan in a 2003 publication.[8] The entry for some years, notably 13 and 21 are not physically possible and are considered in error. Also, the tables used to calculate the heliacal rising of Venus assume a rate at which the earth is slowing, a rate which is not certain, causing "clock-time errors".[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Hobson, Russell (2009). The Exact Transmission of Texts in the First Millennium B.C. (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Sydney.
  2. ISBN 978-0-226-59441-5
    .
  3. ISBN 90-5693-011-7
    .
  4. ISBN 90-04-10127-6
    .
  5. ^ Franz Xaver Kugler, Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel - II. Buch: Natur, Mythus und Geschichte als Grundlagen babylonischer Zeitordnung, nebst eingehenden Untersuchungen der älteren Sternkunde und Meteorologie, 2. Teil. Heft 1, Aschendorff, 1912
  6. ^ [1] Weir, J. D, "The Venus Tablets - a Fresh Approach", Journal for the History of Astronomy, vol. 13, pp. 23, 1982
  7. Bibcode:2003physics..11035G
    . We then discuss why the 56/64 year Venus cycle cannot be traced in the Venus Tablet and therefore cannot serve as an anchor for the fixing of chronologies.
  8. Bibcode:2003physics..11036G
    .
  9. ^ John D. Weir, The Pattern of Venus Tablet Solutions, JACF, vol. 7, pp.70-76, 1998

Further reading

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus_tablet_of_Ammisaduqa&oldid=1205795057"