Voguéo
STIF | |
Operator | Batobus |
---|---|
Began operation | 28 June 2008 |
Ended operation | 5 June 2011 |
System length | 4.63 km (2.88 mi) |
No. of vessels | 4 catamarans |
No. of terminals | 8 |
Website | www |
Voguéo was a
The
Unlike the tourist river services in Paris (such as the
On 5 June 2011 this "experimental service" closed, although there was due to be a fuller service starting "some time in 2013"[1] which has not materialised.
History
Timeline
- 1837: First appearance of steamboats, operated by the Compagnie des Bateaux à Vapeur de Paris à Saint-Cloud
- 1866: Reorganisation of passenger riverboat services and formation of the Compagnie des Bateaux-Omnibus
- 1917: Termination of the river routes because of low passenger numbers
- 1921: Creation of a route operated by the Société des transports en commun de la région parisienne(STCRP)
- 5 May 1934: Termination of river services on the Seine
- 11 July 2007: The STIF launches an experimental water taxi on the eastern reach of the Seine
- October 2007: Operations are contracted to the Compagnie des Batobus for two and a half years, four catamarans are ordered from Fountaine-Pajot
- End of November 2007: The Voguéo name and logo are unveiled
- 11 April 2008: The first boat is launched on the Seine
- 28 June 2008: Opening of the first five-stop route
- 1 June 2009: Increase of service frequency
- 5 June 2011: Closure of the experimental service
Paris water taxis
Water taxis on the Seine operated for many years, but were rapidly made redundant at the start of the 20th century with the development of rail transport. Some were local to the inner city like the Paris Métro, while others reached out to the suburbs like the railways, such as the Vincennes line. Until 1828, with the creation of horse-drawn buses,[Note 1] passenger river traffic was the only mode of public transport in the Île-de-France.
Until the 19th century,
From 1837, river barges were steadily replaced by steamboats with free connections with the many bus lines, such as the Compagnie des Bateaux à Vapeur de Paris à Saint-Cloud.[2] Under the Second French Empire, the river navigation was reorganised, and reinforced for the 1867 Éxposition Universelle, which took place on the Champ de Mars, Paris.
The Compagnie des Bateaux-Omnibus was established in 1866. It provided river transport between
Several companies swiftly followed: in 1876 the Compagnie des Hirondelles Parisiennes operated eighteen pontoons, twelve of them in Paris. In response, the Compagnie des Bateaux-Omnibus reduced its fares and increased the number of boats in service. But the fierce competition turned out to be disastrous, and in 1878, the two companies ran operations jointly. A third player appeared in 1885, the Compagnie des Bateaux Express, which operated fast boats with lower fares on the Marne between Lagny-sur-Marne and Charenton, and another line from Charenton to Suresnes. In 1886, the several companies merged under the name Compagnie générale des bateaux parisiens.[4]
This company ran three lines: Tuileries–Suresnes, Charenton–Auteuil and Austerlitz-–Auteuil. A fourth opened in 1895 between the
In 1921 the
River connections finished on 5 May 1934 by a decision of the Conseil géneral, blaming passenger numbers. Since then the Seine, in Paris, saw only merchant traffic, and a few pleasure boats, until the 1950s, when the first private tourist service opened, with old units restored and adapted.[4]
Birth of the Voguéo
Before 2008, boat services were run only by the
The only ostensibly public service was the Batobus, but this was not convenient from where commuters actually lived, and would not accept the common commuter tickets, its prices were designed for tourists. Prices[7] were too high for Parisiens: the Batobus service introduced an annual season ticket priced at €55, but the daily price stayed at €12. Also, its hours of operation was not suited to commuters, in the morning it started at 10am in the tourist season, and in the winter, the last boat left at 4pm.
In response, from July 2007 a regular service was inaugurated along the Paris canals, the Canal Saint-Martin and the Canal Saint-Denis, for commuters who worked in the Parc du Millénaire (on the border of the 19th Arrondissement and Aubervilliers), a center for newspaper and other media workers. This was all set up by Icade, the owner of two such presses and also amusement parks. The canal boats were 14.5 metres (48 ft) long, made by Alternatives Énergies by a company titled Vedettes de Paris, who later merged with Transdev. Beyond all expectations, it got 400 passengers a day.[8]
Even so, the cinema multiplex at MK2 Quai de Loire / Quai de Seine had a small halt stop to let their clients alight, crossing the Bassin de la Villette to the other side of the canal.
But the need for public transport, as opposed to tourist transport, became ever more apparent, and the SCIF proposed a new system for the purpose. A referendum of Parisiens voted against it in 2006, but it was pushed through:[9] traveling by river was now the fashion.
In 2000, the
The report of the
So at the end of December, the service was on its way. Four catamarans had been ordered, to enter service in January 2008, and the operations base had been set up at Charenton-le-Pont. In March, the STIF approved the boats' January design, by Franck Darnet Design. On 7 April, the operational base was in place, and the first experimental trip was made four days later, to test the wake. In May and June 2008, the piers and signage were put in place, and at the end of June a week's final trials ran without passengers before the service opened at the end of that month.
On Saturday, 28 June 2008
On the inauguration day, it got a resounding opening welcome from the public, with long queues at every pier waiting for the first boat, leaving at 4 p.m. Between the following Saturday (from 4 p.m.) to the Sunday (at 8 p.m.) it transported 1,923 passengers, roughly 30 per boat. Each month the passenger numbers were looked over and tweaks to the service made (travel times, connections, prices and so on), with questionnaires to the customers about comfort, tidiness, timeliness and so on. The STIF had guaranteed to have at least 800 available places per hour along the route, and agreed to standards of punctuality, especially during the morning rush hour.[12]
This experiment, lasting two years and seven months until New Year's Eve of 2010, allowed evaluation of the likely customer demand, tweaks to the service timetables, and a more ambitious and frequent daily service during the following year.[13]
During the first three months of the experiment, the Voguéo had 76,000 passengers, about a thousand a day, with plenty of room for them all, but only a punctuality rate of about 64%. Prices were reduced to €1 to drum up trade.[14]
After about a year of the experiment, the Voguéo came under scrutiny as to its pricing and customer satisfaction: surveys showed a 95% satisfaction rate, and it was awarded a certificate of satisfaction from the French standards organisation AFNOR. All in all, the service was perhaps a little too infrequent and unreliable, especially during the winter, both commuters being put off by the wind and rain, and the boats themselves being slower and less comfortable.[15]
Route and piers
Route
The Voguéo departed from the
Continuing its south-easterly route, the boat passed the Pont de Tolbiac, the Pont National, and the upstream bridge of the Boulevard Périphérique, leaving the city of Paris and entering the Val-de-Marne department. After 15 minutes of travel from its base, it reached the second stop at the twin Nelson Mandela Bridges which connect the communes of Ivry-sur-Seine and Charenton-le-Pont via the D154 autoroute. Passing the confluence of the Seine and Marne, Voguéo reached its terminus at the École vétérinaire de Maisons-Alfort in Charenton-le-Pont after a thirty-minute ride.[18]
Going in the opposite direction, the boat stopped at the Parc de Bercy,[19] on the right bank of the Seine, offering easy access to the BnF library. The ferry took thirteen minutes from Maisons-Alfort to Ivry - Pont Mandela, but took only ten minutes for the remaining leg, benefiting from the river's current.
Piers
Starting at the northwest terminus, the line:
Pier | Zone | Communes served | Interchange[Note 2] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
o | Gare d'Austerlitz | Zone 1 | 5th arr. 13th arr. |
Main line trains
| ||||
⇃ | o | Parc de Bercy | Zone 1 | 12th arr. | ||||
o | ↾ | Bibliothèque F. Mitterrand
|
Zone 1 | 13th arr. | | |||
o | Ivry Pont Mandela | Zone 2 | Ivry-sur-Seine | |||||
o | École Vétérinaire de Maisons-Alfort
|
Zone 3 | Maisons-Alfort |
Pier facilities
The piers were built by
Pier signage is lit, which serves both for passengers and to give the pilot notice of the headway. In the event of any failure, it lights in another colour to warn the pilot of the fault. The system gives the running times and waiting times for the next boat. These signs are not only at the piers but around and about.[20]
Use
Service
During its experiment, the Voguéo ran every twenty minutes between 7 a.m. and 8.30 p.m., twenty-five minutes during off-peak daytimes, and half-hourly at the weekends.[21]
In May 2009, after much tweaking with the timetables, the STIF decided to increase the frequency to 15 minutes during peak times and 20 minutes at other times, 30 during daytime weekends.[22]
When it started, its time from start to finish (from Austerlitz to Maisons-Alfort) was 38 minutes one way and 33 the other, but after tweaking the timings, it came down to respectively 28 and 25 minutes, the difference mostly coming from the ferries not having to double-back at Maisons-Alfort.
But after all, the journey time was limited by the Rules of the River on the Paris Seine: 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) in Paris and 18 kilometres (11 mi) on its outskirts.[23]
The chosen route went through the western Paris suburbs, , connecting with the RATP bus services 20–99 and Paris Métro lines 5, 8, 10 and 14, and also the suburban line RER C.
Infrastructure
The
They were built at La Rochelle in the naval shipyards of Fountaine-Pajot, the world leader in ferry catamarans.[24]
The boats kept to the IRIS 37 design, with modifications demanded by STIF, in particular enlargement of the bay windows, changes to the seating and the stern open back. The two naval architects Michel Joubert and Franck Darnet, designed these boats, being 12.30 by 5.20 m (40.4 by 17.1 ft) and sitting 1.20 m (47 in) in the water. These boats could take 75 personnel, 35 in each of the two aisles, the captain and his mate. The boats had doors under the covered, heated, bow station.
The boats were made from composite material so as not to rust, and had a displacement weight of 9.3 t (9.2 long tons; 10.3 short tons). They were powered by two 110 hp (82 kW) diesel engines, but were speed limited to 30 km/h (19 mph). At 2000 r.p.m. the engines would consume 7 L (1.5 imp gal; 1.8 US gal) an hour, and 13 L (2.9 imp gal; 3.4 US gal) at 2500 r.p.m. At 12 km/h (7.5 mph) they were noise rated to 65 dB, and at 18 km/h (11 mph) to 72 dB.[24]
The first boat took its maiden voyage from the Charenton-le-Pont pier on 10 April 2008 for trials, and was due to enter full service on 1 June 2008,[25] although this was postponed until 28 June 2008.[26]
Facilities
The fleet of four catamarans had their operational and maintenance base at Charenton-le-Pont, between the two Nelson Mandela Bridges. This depot also served as the command and control centre for the service.
Franchise
The service was franchised by the STIF to the Compagnie des Batobus ("Batobus")[13] which in 2008 had 38 employees, 28 on the boats themselves and six at the operational base. The Voguéo recruited 14 pilots and 14 second mates; the pilots being seconded from the Batobus company, and the second mates recruited externally, from press ads. The teams were all put together between November 2007 and February 2008.[24] The second mates looked after wake safety, cleanliness, customer information, and ticket sales.[Note 3]
Fares and funding
Parisiens could use a wide variety of tickets valid for Paris Zones 1, 2 and 3, the
.For one-off journeys a ticket cost €3 and could be purchased on board.[6][13]
The fact that the terminus at Maisons-Alfort was in Zone 3 came under much criticism from regular commuters: the nearest Métro station was in Zone 2 and could be used on a standard ticket, whereas the Vogu$eo cost €3 a trip. This anomaly perhaps reduced the custom on the Voguéo.[27]
All the same, the Voguéo paid its bills, and in June 2008, to make it more attractive, the STIF reduced ticket prices to €1 and made the Voguéo route into Zones 1 and 2 only.[15]
All this cost €10.5m in investment,
The future
The Voguéo experiment was deemed a success, but even before it had started extensions were proposed as far as Vitry-sur-Seine to the south and Suresnes to the west, with the Autorité de la concurrence making reports and requests to the STIF.[30][31]
The Communauté d'agglomération Plaine-Commune also proposed another service, to run from Seine-Saint-Denis to La Défense (Hauts-de-Seine).[32] The local council, on 28 January 2008, asked the STIF to start a study of the many different ways this may be possible, on the model of the Voguéo, between Suresnes and Clichy and the towns southwards of it, via La Défense. This new route would reduce the congestion on the Paris Métro Line 13.[33]
See also
- Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France(STIF)
- Navibus, water taxis developed at Nantes
- Namur
- London River Services
Notes
- ^ Excepting the brief life of Blaise Pascal's Carrosses à cinq sols between 1662 and 1677.
- ^ It is better to read the map with the interchanges with other public transit systems, to see how they interlink.
- ^ The second mates' monthly wage, on a fixed-term contract, was €1,677 per month according to www
.parisjob .com on 23 May 2008
References
- ^ "Le service expérimental Voguéo a été arreté le 5 juin 2011" [The experimental Voguéo service terminated on 5 June 2011] (in French). Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ a b Gaillard, Marc. Du Madeleine-Bastille à Meteor, histoire des transports parisiens (in French). p. 86.
- ^ Gaillard 1991, p. 88.
- ^ a b c Gaillard 1991, p. 90
- ^ Flohic 1996, p. 222.
- ^ a b "Voguéo bientôt dans le grand bain". MetroPole (in French). 18 April 2008. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ "Nos tarifs" [Our fares)] (in French). 2 March 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
- ^ Nedey, Fabienne (28 July 2008). "Saint-Denis Une fréquentation supérieure aux attentes" [Saint-Denis service exceeds expectations]. La Gazette des Communes (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "La navette fluviale remise à flot" [The riverboat is refloated] (in French). MetroPole. 4 March 2006. Archived from the original on 25 June 2006. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- ^ "Conseil du STIF du 22 novembre 2007" (PDF) (Press release) (in French). Paris. 22 November 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ Sulzer, Alexandre (22 May 2008). "Le lancement de Voguéo retardé d'un mois" [Launch of the Voguéo is delayed by one month] (in French). 20 minutes (France). Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ Mateus, Christine (5 July 2008). "Voguéo plus rapide que le bus" [The Voguéeo is quicker than the bus]. Le Parisien (in French). Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ STIF directors. 10 October 2007. p. 4. Archived from the original(PDF) on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- STIF directors. 15 September 2008. Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ a b "Conseil du STIF du 27 mai 2009" (PDF) (Press release) (in French). 27 May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ "Site officiel - Gare d'Austerlitz" (in French). Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
- ^ "Site officiel - Bibliothèque François Mitterrand". Archived from the original on 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Site officiel - École vétérinaire de Maisons-Alfort". Archived from the original on 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Site officiel - Parc de Bercy". Archived from the original on 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Site officiel - Présentation du service Voguéo" (in French). Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ "Site officiel - Fiche horaire" [Official website - Timetables] (PDF) (in French).[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Horaires Vogueo" [Voguéo timetables] (PDF) (in French). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
- ^ "Le STIF sur tous les fronts" (in French). MetroPole. 10 September 2007. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Inauguration de Voguéo, un service de navette fluviale" [Maiden voyage of the Voguéo: a riverboat service] (PDF) (Press release) (in French). 28 June 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ Le Parisien. 16 April 2008.
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(help) - ^ "Batiment du bateaux". Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ "Voguéo : la croisière s'amuse" [Voguéo, the funnyo ferry] (in French). Le Nouvel Observateur. Archived from the original on 4 August 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
- ^ "Voguéo, dans le sillage du métro". Le Journal du Dimanche. 4 May 2008. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
- STIF. 29 July 2011. Archived from the originalon 1 October 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Public transportation of travellers by river shuttles on the Seine". 29 July 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2011..
- ^ "La navette fluviale Voguéo lancée aujourd'hui" [The riverboat service was launched today]. Le Parisien (in French). 28 June 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ In the local plan, Action 24, Inscrire les déplacements dans une perspective de développement durable - Valoriser les infrastructures fluviales et ferroviaires et préserver leurs abords pour favoriser le transfert modal in the Local Plan.
- ^ "Ville de Clichy - Clichy se mobilise pour la ligne 13" (PDF). Retrieved 3 September 2011. [dead link]
Sources
- Le Patrimoine de la RATP [Heritage of the RATP] (in French). Flohic. 1996. ISBN 2-84234-007-8.
- Gaillard, Marc (1991). Du Madeleine-Bastille à Meteor, histoire des transports parisiens [From Madeleine-Bastille to Meteor, a history of Paris transport] (in French). Martelle. ISBN 978-2-87890-013-2.
External links
- (in French) Official website
- (in French) Route map
- Documents from the STIF:
- (in French) Travel on www.paris.fr