Volcano F (Tonga)

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Volcano F
Highest point
Tonga Islands
Geology
Mountain typeCaldera
Last eruption6–8 August 2019[2]

Volcano F (also known as Volcano 0403-091) is a

South Pacific Ocean. It is located 50 km (31 mi) northwest of Vavaʻu, between Late and Fonualei on the Tofua ridge. It is part of the highly active Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone and its associated volcanic arc, which extends from New Zealand north-northeast to Fiji, and is formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Indo-Australian Plate
.

The volcano was first mapped in 2004, and assigned the name "Volcano F".[2] It consists of a large (8.7 x 6 km) caldera with a depth of 670 – 720 m. The caldera walls are 200 – 300 m high, with the highest peak on the rim only 35 m (115 ft) below sea level.[2] The entire volcano rises 1,000 m (3,300 ft) from the sea-floor.[2]

Eruption history

The volcano erupted in September 2001, resulting in an eruption column and a pumice raft which later reached the coast of Australia.[1][3]

The pumice raft generated by the August 2019 eruption. Captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission on 21 August 2019

In August 2019 a 150 km2 (58 sq mi) pumice raft was discovered floating in the Pacific Ocean in Tonga.[4][5] The pumice raft was observed by numerous yachts and reached Fiji in September.[6] Discoloured water and analysis of the drift path using satellite imagery showed that the raft had originated from an eruption of Volcano F beginning on 6 August 2019.[2][7][8] The eruption was preceded by a series of earthquakes on 5 August, and ceased on 8 August.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Unnamed". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Brandl, Philipp A.; Schmid, Florian; Augustin, Nico; Grevemeyer, Ingo; Arculus, Richard J.; Devey, Colin W.; Petersen, Sven; Stewart, Margaret; Kopp, Heidrun; Hannington, Mark D. (2020). "The 6–8 Aug 2019 eruption of 'Volcano F' in the Tofua Arc, Tonga" (PDF). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 390. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  3. ^ Bryan, S.E.; Cook, A.; Evans, J.P.; Colls, P.W.; Wells, M.G.; Lawrence, M.G.; Jell, J.S.; Greig, A.; Leslie, R. (2004). "Pumice rafting and faunal dispersion during 2001–2002 in the Southwest Pacific: record of a dacitic submarine explosive eruption from Tonga" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 227 (1–2): 135–154. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2018.
  4. ^ "Pumice raft at sea after underwater eruption near Tonga". RNZ. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Massive pumice 'raft' spotted in the Pacific could help replenish Great Barrier Reef". Guardian. 25 August 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  6. doi:10.1029/2019GL086768
    . Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Volcano F is the Origin of the Floating Stones, Researchers Discovered". Hydro International. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  8. ^ "What became of the great Pacific pumice raft?". Guardian. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2022.


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