Walker Lewis

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Kwaku Walker Lewis
Personal details
Born(1798-08-03)August 3, 1798
Barre, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedOctober 26, 1856(1856-10-26) (aged 58)
Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.
Resting placeLowell Cemetery
Spouse(s)Elizabeth Lovejoy
ChildrenEnoch Lovejoy Lewis
Lydia Elizabeth Walker
Lucy Minor Lewis
Walker Lovejoy Lewis
ParentsPeter P. Lewis
Minor Walker

Kwaku Walker Lewis

Freemason, and Mormon elder from Massachusetts. He was an active member of the Underground Railroad and the anti-slavery movement
.

Family and personal history

Lewis was born on August 3, 1798, in Barre, Massachusetts, to Peter P. Lewis and Minor Walker Lewis. His full name was Kwaku Walker Lewis, named after his maternal uncle, Quock Walker also known as Kwaku Walker.[2] (Kwaku means "boy born on Wednesday" among the Akan people of Ghana.[3])

Lewis was one of nine children. He was raised in a prominent middle-class black family that valued education, activism and political involvement. As a young boy, Peter and Minor Lewis moved their family to Cambridge. Walker Lewis was a successful barber who owned residential and commercial building in Boston.

In March 1826, Lewis married Elizabeth Lovejoy (the

mixed-race daughter of Peter Lovejoy, who was black, and Lydia Greenleaf Bradford, who was white
). Their first child, Enoch Lovejoy Lewis, was born on May 20, 1826. Their second, Lydia Elizabeth, would be born the following year in November.

The Lewis family moved to

textile mills
brought economic prosperity to the area. In Lowell, together with his brother-in-law John Levy, Lewis opened a barbershop on Merrimack Street. Lewis purchased a two-family home in the Centralville section of Lowell.

Community activism

Lewis and many of his siblings and their families were actively involved in the abolition and equal rights movement throughout Massachusetts and the

Northeast
.

Freemasonry

While in Boston, Lewis was initiated into African Freemasonry about 1823, participating in Boston's African Lodge #459 (Prince Hall Freemasonry). In 1825, he became the sixth Master and a year later was its Senior Warden. After the African Lodge declared its independence from the Grand Lodge of London and became its own African Grand Lodge, Walker Lewis was the Grand Master of African Grand Lodge #1 for 1829 and 1830.[4]

Massachusetts General Colored Association

Around the time of his marriage to Elizabeth Lovejoy in 1826, Lewis and Thomas Dalton helped organize the Massachusetts General Colored Association (MGCA), the first such all-black organization in the United States.

In 1829, the MGCA helped David Walker (no relation) to publish the radical, 76-page Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, which demanded unconditional and immediate emancipation of all slaves in the USA. Lewis arranged for the Boston printer who published the Articles for the African Grand Lodge, to print the controversial Appeal.[5]

African Humane Society

In 1831, Lewis served as President of the African Humane Society in Boston, which provided funeral expenses for the poor, assisted widows, built the African School in Boston. The African Humane Society also sponsored a "settlement project" for African Americans who wanted to emigrate to settle in Liberia. When the ship sailed in 1813 its manifest contained most of the members of Hiram Lodge No. 3 of Providence, Rhode Island (chartered by Grand Master Prince Hall of African Grand Lodge in 1797).[6]

Underground Railroad

In Lowell during the 1840s and 1850s, Lewis's home was a stop on the Underground Railroad. For some time, he sheltered

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. Later he returned to Lowell.[7]

Walker's son, Enoch ran a used clothing store, mainly to assist escaping slaves to change their appearances with new and better clothing. Walker would cut and style their hair to assist in their disguise.

Conversion to Mormonism and later life

About 1842, Lewis, who had worshipped with the

baptized by Parley P. Pratt.[8] One year later, in the summer of 1843, Lewis was ordained an elder by William Smith, brother of founder Joseph Smith. Lewis became the third black man known to hold the Mormon priesthood. (The first two were Elijah Abel and Peter Kerr.)[9]

Walker's first-born son, Enoch Lovejoy Lewis, also joined the church. On September 18, 1846, Enoch married a white Mormon woman, Mary Matilda Webster, in Cambridge.[8]

Bans against African Americans

After settling in the Salt Lake Valley in 1848, Brigham Young announced a ban that prohibited all men of black African descent from holding the priesthood.[10] In addition, he prohibited Mormons of African descent from participating in Mormon temple rites, such as the endowment or sealing. These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball.[11]

Attempt to live in Utah

Walker Lewis migrated to Utah to be with the main body of members of

polygamous wife
, but she declined.

Two months after Walker's arrival, Brigham Young lobbied for, and the

anti-miscegenation law
was not repealed in Utah until the 1960s.

Walker Lewis left after six months the following spring, returning to Lowell. His

exhaustion" just after Christmas 1852 in the State Hospital at Worcester. His son, the widower Enoch Lewis, married the African-American Elisa Richardson Shorter in 1853.[13]

Lewis died on October 26, 1856, in Lowell of tuberculosis. He was buried in the family lot in the Lowell Cemetery.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Spelled Kwaku, Quacko, or Quaku
  2. ^ "The Quock Walker case: "Instructions to the Jury"". www.pbs.org. 1783. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  3. ^ Newbell Niles Puckett, Black Names in America: Origins and Usage (Boston: G. K. Hall & Co.), pp. 197, 417-418, 422, and 433-444.
  4. ^ Connell O'Donovan, “The Mormon Priesthood Ban and Elder Q. Walker Lewis: ‘An Example for His More Whiter Brethren to Follow'.” The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, vol. 26, 2006, pp. 57-58.
  5. ^ Connell O'Donovan, “The Mormon Priesthood Ban and Elder Q. Walker Lewis: ‘An Example for His More Whiter Brethren to Follow'.” The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, vol. 26, 2006, p. 55.
  6. ^ Voorhis, Harold Van Buren (1949). Negro Masonry in the United States. New York: Henry Emerson. p. 34.
  7. ^ Martha Mayo, "Profiles in Courage: African Americans in Lowell", Center for Lowell History, University of Massachusetts Lowell, accessed 17 January 2011.
  8. ^ a b Aguirre, Michael (2007–2017). "Lewis, Q. Walker (1798–1856)". www.blackpast.org. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  9. ^ Bennett, Rick (2007–2017). "Kerr, Peter "Black Pete"". www.blackpast.org. BlackPast. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  10. ^ "Race and the Priesthood". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  11. Official Declaration—2
    .
  12. ^ Connell O'Donovan, “The Mormon Priesthood Ban and Elder Q. Walker Lewis: ‘An Example for His More Whiter Brethren to Follow'.” The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, vol. 26, 2006, pp. 90-91.
  13. ^ Connell O'Donovan, “The Mormon Priesthood Ban and Elder Q. Walker Lewis: ‘An Example for His More Whiter Brethren to Follow'.” The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, vol. 26, 2006, pp. 96-97.
  14. ^ "Kwaku Walker Lewis's Gravesite". www.findagrave.com. Find-A-Grave. 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2018.

External links

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