Wilhelm Haacke
Johann Wilhelm Haacke (23 August 1855 – 6 December 1912) was a German
Career
He studied zoology at the
The following year he moved to Australia, where he replaced F. G. Waterhouse[1] as Director of the South Australian Museum in Adelaide, and was a founding member of the Field Naturalists Society of South Australia. Haacke was one of a number of influential German-speaking residents — such as Ludwig Becker, Hermann Beckler, William Blandowski, Amalie Dietrich, Diedrich Henne, Gerard Krefft, Johann Luehmann, Johann Menge, Ludwig Preiss, Carl Ludwig Christian Rümker (a.k.a. Ruemker), Moritz Richard Schomburgk, Richard Wolfgang Semon, Karl Theodor Staiger, George Ulrich, Eugene von Guérard, Robert von Lendenfeld, Ferdinand von Mueller, Georg von Neumayer, and Carl Wilhelmi — who brought their "epistemic traditions" to Australia, and not only became "deeply entangled with the Australian colonial project", but also were "intricately involved in imagining, knowing and shaping colonial Australia" (Barrett, et al., 2018, p. 2).[2]
In August 1884 he laid to rest an old mystery about
He served as zoologist with the 1885
In June 1886 he announced his imminent departure for Europe, and was invited by a large deputation of German settlers to represent them at an Allgemeiner Deutscher Kongress to be held in Berlin that September but declined, and left South Australia around July 1886 without fanfare.From 1888 to 1893 he was director of the
Haacke is remembered for research of
Evolutionary views
Haacke studied under
Haacke believed that cells consist of individuals called gemmaria that operate as hereditary units. These consist of even smaller units known as gemmae. He believed these units to explain neo-Lamarckian inheritance. He was a proponent of orthogenesis. He held that from his theory of epimorphism evolution is a directed process tending towards perfection.[10]
Selected writings
He made contributions to Other noteworthy written efforts include:
- Die Schöpfung der Tierwelt (1893)
- Gestaltung und Vererbung. Eine Entwickelungsmechanik der Organismen (1893)
- Die Schöpfung of Menschen und seiner Ideal. Ein Versuch zur Versöhnung zwischen Religion und Wissenschaft (1895)
- Aus der Schöpfungswerkstatt (1897)
- Grundriss der Entwickelungsmechanik (1897)
Taxon named in his honor
The Wavy grubfish Parapercis haackei is named in his honor.[13]
Footnotes
- The South Australian Advertiser. Vol. XXIV, no. 7296. South Australia. 8 March 1882. p. 4. Retrieved 7 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ In relation to "Australasia", another German-speaking explorer and geologist, Julius von Haast (1822-1887), was appointed as the inaugural Curator/Director of the Canterbury Museum, in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1867.
- ^ "Australian Biology". South Australian Register. Vol. XLIX, no. 11, 799. South Australia. 6 September 1884. p. 5. Retrieved 7 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia. William Hay Caldwell in New South Wales made a similar (and almost coincidental) finding with the platypus
- ^ "Notes upon Additions from the Museum". South Australian Register. Vol. LI, no. 12, 404. South Australia. 16 August 1886. p. 6. Retrieved 7 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- Kapunda Herald. Vol. XX, no. 1699. South Australia. 21 October 1884. p. 3. Retrieved 6 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "The Museum Officials". South Australian Register. Vol. XLIX, no. 11, 835. South Australia. 18 October 1884. p. 4. Retrieved 7 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- The South Australian Advertiser. Vol. XXVII, no. 8242. South Australia. 19 March 1885. p. 6. Retrieved 7 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- The South Australian Advertiser. Vol. XXVIII, no. 8474. South Australia. 15 December 1885. p. 5. Retrieved 6 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b Deutsche Biographie
- ^ a b Levit, Georgy S; Olsson, Lennart. (2007). Evolution on Rails Mechanisms and Levels of Orthogenesis. In Volker Wissemann. Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 11/2006. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. pp. 100-104.
- ^ Galerie Wimmer Wilhelm Kuhnert
- ^ Daum. Wissenschaftspopularisierung. pp. 385, 389, 412, 458, 489–90, including a short biography.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order URANOSCOPIFORMES: PINGUIPEDIDAE, CHEIMARRICHTHYIDAE, AMMODYTIDAE and URANOSCOPIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
References
- Barrett, L., Eckstein, L., Hurley, A.W. & Schwarz A. (2018), "Remembering German-Australian Colonial Entanglement: An Introduction", Postcolonial Studies, Vol.21, No.1, (January 2018), pp. 1–5.
Further reading
- "This article includes text based on a translation of an equivalent article at the French Wikipedia", listed as Allen G. Debus (ed.) (1968). World Who's Who in Science. . A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Scientists from Antiquity to the Present, Marquis Who's Who (Chicago): xvi + 1855 p.
- The Contemporary Review, Essay on Monotremes
- ISBN 3-486-56337-8.