William Dockwra
William Dockwra (c. 1635–1716) was an English merchant who along with his partner Robert Murray created the first Penny Post in London in 1680. In latter 17th century London there was no official postal system for mail delivery within the city of London and its suburbs. Dockwra's London Penny Post was a mail delivery system that fulfilled this need. His system worked so well that it compromised the interests of private couriers and porters and royal officials alike.[1][2][3]
Early life
Dockwra was born in the
Dockwra was apprenticed to one of his father's fellows in the
The Penny Post
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On 1 April 1680, Dockwra established the first
Later life
Dockwra was appointed as the London agent for the sale of lead from the Grosvenor family's lead mines in Wales, and had become the senior partner in a brass smelting business based in Esher. This project introduced some technical innovations and helped to reduce England's dependence on imports, but it was not a financial success for Dockwra, who lost control of the business. He is believed to have been poor at his death.
Publications
- A Penny Well Beſtowed. Or a Brief Account of the New Deſign contrived for the great Increaſe of Trade, and Eaſe of Correſpondence, to the great Advantage of the Inhabitants of all ſorts, by Conveying of LETTERS or PACQUETS under a Pound Weight, to and from all parts within the Cities of London and Weſtminſter; and the Out Pariſhes within the Weekly Bills of Mortality. Broadsheet published April 1680.[7]
- The practical method of the penny-post. Being a sheet very necessary for all persons to have by them with an explanation of the following stamps for the marking of all letters. Pamphlet printed by George Larkin, London, 1681.
See also
References
- ^ K. W. Anthony. "Dockwra's London Penny Post". The Stamp Collector's Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ "Arms of the Armourers and Brasiers". Docwra Family Research Project. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ Eunice and Ron Shanahan. "The Penny Post". Victorian web. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7724. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "Early Warren Landower Called Swindlet and Scroundrel". Warren History. 1 (4). Warren Township, NJ: Warren Township Historical Society. Fall 1990. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
- ^ Bierman, Stanley M. The World's Greatest Stamp Collectors. New York: Frederick Fell Publishers Inc., 1981, p. 9.
- ^ Staff, Frank. The Penny Post 1680–1918. London: Lutterworth Press, 1964, p.45.
Further reading
- The Penny Post 1680–1918, Frank Staff, Lutterworth Press, Cambridge, 1993.
- Her Majesty's Mail, William Lewins, Sampson Low Son & Marston, London, 1864.
- The History of the British Post Office, J. Hemmeon, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1912.
- William Dockwra and the rest of the Undertakers: The story of the London penny post, 1680-2, Thomas Todd, Edinburgh, Cousland, 1952.