William Starling Burgess
William Starling Burgess | |
---|---|
Boston, Massachusetts | |
Died | March 19, 1947 | (aged 68)
Education | Milton Academy |
Known for | Collier Trophy winner |
Spouses |
|
Children | Tasha Tudor |
William Starling Burgess (December 25, 1878 – March 19, 1947) was an American yacht designer, aviation pioneer, and
Biography
Burgess was born in
Like his father, Starling had a great mechanical and mathematical ability and a refined sense of line, form and spatial relationship. From his mother he received a love of literature and poetry, which he regarded as the foundation for all accomplishment.
After the death of his parents, Burgess was mentored by many of his father's colleagues, including Nathanael Greene Herreshoff. This relationship was terminated by Herreshoff when Burgess confided his aspiration to become a yacht designer himself.
Education
Starling attended Milton Academy, a progressive boarding school near Boston, where he became interested in aviation, designed his first sailboat, Sally II, and patented a sophisticated lightweight machine gun. Burgess graduated from Milton Academy in 1897 and entered Harvard College with the Class of 1901. As Burgess began life at Harvard, tension was building between Spain and the U.S. The mysterious sinking of an American battleship, the USS Maine, on February 15, 1898, increased the drumbeat for war, and war was declared on April 11, 1898. Starling Burgess was one of a hundred Harvard undergraduates (out of 2,400) to volunteer for military service. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy, and because of his proven expertise in weapons design, was promoted to the rank of Gunner's Mate. He received credit for the courses he missed during this period by special vote of the Harvard faculty. For reasons not entirely clear, he left Harvard without completing his degree, and opened his own yacht design office in Boston.
Yacht Design
During the spring term of his senior year, in March 1901, The Rudder published the following notice: “We are glad to welcome into our company of advertisers Mr. Starling Burgess, a son of the celebrated designer. Mr. Burgess has opened an office at 15 Exchange Street, Boston, and is busily engaged in getting out the designs for several boats, among them being a yawl for Mr. Walter Burgess, whose many boats have been among the most interesting exhibits in this magazine. To the designing end Mr. Burgess has added the business of brokerage, and our readers will find several craft offered for sale in his advertisement.”
A year later he partnered with Alpheus Appleton Packard to found Burgess & Packard, Naval Architects and Engineers. In the same year he designed the revolutionary 52 LOA feet scow sloop "Outlook", a highly radical racing yacht which featured a steel truss along the deck midline allowing the hull to be flat, low and light by the standards of the day. The design featured a large, balanced, club foot, self-tacking jib set on an 8 feet bowsprit supported by a dolphin striker. It was very fast and a winner against the more conventional keel boat designs of the day. In 1905 he established a yacht yard in Marblehead, Massachusetts and began designing and building yachts and boats.[citation needed]
In the eyes of high society Starling was part of the "Four Hundred"—the group of long established and very rich Americans who were devoted to sailing as a recreation. However, Starling had an awkward relationship with this powerful group due to his relative lack of capital.[citation needed]
In 1924, the Boston pilot boat
In 1928, Burgess designed the Atlantic one-design class, one of his most enduring designs, with approximately 50 boats in use as of 2020.
Airplane Designer
In 1908 he became interested in aviation and in 1909 joined with airplane designer
Herring left in 1910 and Greely S. Curtis and Frank H. Russell joined Burgess to form Burgess Company and Curtis, Inc. In 1914 the renamed Burgess Company built its first hydroplane designed by J. W. Dunne and soon was selling the Burgess-Dunne hydroplanes to the U.S.Army and the U.S. Navy. In addition, the Royal Canadian Air Force purchased a Burgess Dunne hydroplane in 1914. Burgess received the 5th Collier Trophy to be issued, in 1915 for his hydro-aeroplane. With its 800 employees, Burgess Company became the largest employer in Marblehead.
At some point in this decade, Burgess designed what was almost certainly his most popular boat, the 14-foot "Brutal Beast." Simple enough for inexpensive mass-production, the Beasts became the dominant instructional craft of Marblehead—and other communities—into the forties.
When the U.S. entered World War I, the
After the war he returned to boat design and construction and later designed three successful
In 1922 he and A. Loring Swasey and Frank C. Paine formed the design firm Burgess, Swasey & Paine in
Burgess was friends with Buckminster Fuller and helped him in designing and building his aluminum Dymaxion car.
In 1935 he became a consulting naval architect for the
During World War II he was employed as a civilian engineer and worked for the Anti-Submarine Development Detachment of the US Atlantic Fleet. In 1946 he was working at the Stevens Institute of Technology on damage control research.
He died on 19 March 1947 at his home in Hoboken, New Jersey.[1] Burgess was inducted into the National Sailing Hall of Fame in 2013.[5]
Possible authorship of Times New Roman
Former head of typographic development at Mergenthaler Linotype Mike Parker has argued that Burgess originally drew the typeface that would become Times New Roman around 1904.[6][7][8] This claim is controversial, with the biographer of Stanley Morison, who is typically considered the co-designer of the typeface along with Victor Lardent, claiming that the theory is based on a fabrication.[6] In 2009, Parker released Starling,[9] a typeface based upon Burgess' alleged drawings housed at the Smithsonian Institution.
Marriages
Burgess married five times. His first marriage was to Helene Adams Willard (1882–1902) in 1901. Helene, who had spina bifida, committed suicide the following year.[citation needed] Burgess published a volume of poetry in response to this tragedy, "The Eternal Laughter and Other Poems", in 1903, with an introduction by Julian Hawthorne (Nathaniel Hawthorne's son).
In 1904 Burgess married Rosamond Tudor (b. 1878), an artist and granddaughter of
Burgess married Else Foss in 1925, closed his office in Boston, and moved to New York. The couple had two children, Diana and Ann.
He subsequently wed Nannie Dale Biddle in 1933. Ms. Biddle was the principal financial backer of the Dymaxion Car project, on which Burgess had been working with Buckminster Fuller.
In 1937, Burgess hired Marjorie Young (1913-2005), a talented designer 35 years his junior. With his encouragement, she designed and built a 25' sloop, "Pomelian" for her own use. Rudder Magazine proclaimed her "the only female naval architect in America" in 1940. the couple worked together on projects for the Navy throughout World War II, and married in 1945. A friend of Ms.Young described Burgess: "With all his brilliance, he is a child, and that is part of his charm. He will not face hard facts, but will hide from them and will love the person who shields him from them."
References
- ^ The inaccessibility of steam launches to American owners led to the peculiarly American popularity of the naphtha launch.
- ^ New York Times. 20 March 1947. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
- ^ "New Pilot Boat Greeted By Steam Craft On Trial Trip Down Harbor". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. 1924-12-09. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
- ^ Howard Mansfield. Skylark: the life, lies, and inventions of Harry Atwood. p. 12.
- ^ "Army Aviation School Is One Month Old Today. Great Improvements Have Been Made at College Park Since Its Opening. Four Hangars Equipped to House Machines and Crews. Medical Corps Has Detail Stationed on Grounds". The Washington Post. 23 July 1911.
- ^ "W. Starling Burgess 2013 Inductee". Nshof.org. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
- ^ a b Article in the Financial Times magazine on Parker's theory
- ^ MyFonts biography of Burgess that briefly mentions the controversy over his authorship of Times New Roman
- ^ Parker described his claim in 'Starling Burgess, Type Designer', Printing History 31/32 (1994): 52-108. http://typophile.com/node/21183
- ^ Mike Parker's typeface Starling
- ISBN 0-7603-1466-7.
- ^ Frederic Tudor obituary
External links
- W.Starling Burgess Papers, at Mystic Seaport