YMCA in South Australia

South Australia (SA) has a unique position in Australia's history as, unlike the other states which were founded as colonies, South Australia began as a self governing province. Many were attracted to this and Adelaide and SA developed as an independent and free thinking state.

The compound of philosophical radicalism, evangelical religion and self reliant ability typical of its founders had given an equalitarian flavour to South Australian thinking from the beginning.^[1]

It was into this social setting that in February 1850 a meeting was called primarily for the formation of an Association (apparently meaning a Y.M.C.A.) for apprentices and others, after their day's work, to enjoy books, lectures, discussions, readings, friendly relief and recreation for a leisure hour. In September 1850 records show that this became "The Young Men's Christian Association of South Australia" as evidenced by a member's letter in London Y.M.C.A. Report 1851.^[2]

There was no census in 1850, but the 1851 census put the total population of South Australia at 63,700 with males numbering 35,302.^[3]

The discovery of gold in Ballarat caused a large migration from South Australia and by 1852 some 8000 had left for the Goldfields. As a consequence the various YMCA groups that had become established failed and by 1870 none remained.^[4]

"The next available authentic record of an Association in South Australia does not appear until some members of London Y.M.C.A. coming to Adelaide, joined with ex members of the defunct original Adelaide Branch, and also members of the Brompton Association.^{[citation needed]} A meeting of promoters was also held at Presbyterian Church. They became associated in the Exchange Room of the Adelaide Town Hall (now the Queen Adelaide Room)^[5] on November 28th, 1878 at a public meeting for the promotion of a revival of the Y.M.C.A. in Adelaide. Sir John Colton^[6] (a member of the Adelaide Association in 1853 and a founder of Prince Alfred College) had been asked to preside, but was absent through illness and the chair was occupied by Mr. Richard Searle (a managing partner of D & W Murray and Co)^[7] who became the first President of the Association. A committee was formed to draft a constitution, later drawn up and signed by 585 Adelaide young men."^[4]

Since that time the YMCA has operated continuously, been part of the fabric of the state and served the community of South Australia.

Leading the YMCA was regarded as a calling and attracted men of compassion and social conscience. Not known as chief executive officers until the 1990s, they were known as General Secretaries.^{[citation needed]}

With the YMCA of Adelaide one of the very early organisations for social good it attracted some of the state's leading influential figures to its board and men of high calibre as General Secretary.^{[citation needed]}

The history of the organisation in South Australia is very much tied to the leadership by both General Secretaries (CEOs) and the presidents along with the boards who backed them.

General Secretaries and CEO's

1879 - H.H. Birt. appointed by the board on a part-time basis. Birt oversaw activities in the temporary premises, Salisbury Chambers in king William Street and to manage the alteration of the newly leased premises in Gawler Place which opened 27 August 1879.^[7]

1880 -1886 Alex A Walker. Walker was secretary of the Flinders Street Presbyterian Men's Society which merged into the YMCA with him continuing as General Secretary. In 1886 the annual report of the YMCA indicated a lack of funds and Walker confessed to having appropriated £1288/16/7. In court and before Chief Justice Sir Samuel Way, Walker revealed the money had gone on assisting impecunious young men. Walker was regarded as a very hard working Secretary who said he did not have a night off in any month and the board believed he did not have fraudulent intent but compassion rather than criminality. He was sent to jail for 4 years hard labour.^[8]

1886 - 1900 John James Virgo.^[9] The 'new' YMCA building in Gawler Place was opened in 1884 and in 1886 the Glenelg born Virgo was appointed General Secretary following the conviction of the previous General Secretary for embezzling funds.^[9] In 1888 the YMCA began Our Boys Institute for work among boys 13 to 18 years of age. For young men, activities included Bible classes, sporting teams, lectures, debating and choral societies, a gymnasium, camps and an employment and immigration department. Virgo was prominent in Adelaide's religious life and conducted evangelistic services on Sunday evenings at the Theatre Royal in Hindley Street.1900 Virgo became secretary of the Australasian Union of Y.M.C.A.s and 1903 was appointed secretary of the Y.M.C.A., Sydney then General Secretary of the London Central Y.M.C.A. in 1911. Virgo wrote his memoirs in 1939.^[10] He died in 1956.

1905 - 1916 H.A Wheeler. Wheeler was a capable administrator who adapted the programmes and emphasis to the times. Much of the evangelical work was dropped to focus on the work with young men.^[7] In 1908 Wheeler left for two years to work with the YMCA in America. This forged a link with North American YMCA's and more modern methods of physical development and a rapid development of membership. An employment department was formed in 1912 fulfilling an important social welfare role especially for young male migrants.^[7] At the outbreak of WW1 Wheeler took the initiative in promoting a nation-wide War Services Y.M.C.A. organisation^[4] and later was placed in charge of all Australian War Services in the European Zone. WW1 saw the Adelaide YMCA support YMCA staff overseas as evidenced by a letter to Wheeler from Menza camp Egypt by Col S Price Weir OC 10th battalion.^[11] by1916 The army Department was the largest work done by the Adelaide YMCA with operations at Mitcham, Cheltenham, Balaklava, Murray Bridge, Torrens Island, Gawler. The YMCA provided comfort, counselling and recreation to the troops.^[7] YMCA war services were funded by public donation and during this time in South Australia £199,185 was raised.^[7]

1908 -1910 - H.S. Stafford acting General Secretary. Stafford, an American from Dayton Ohio was working at the Bendigo YMCA and took the acting role while Wheeler spent 2 years working for the YMCA in the United States^[7] His work transformed the organisation as recognised in a speech by the then President Henry J Holden who said of him. ".. it was not an association of Christian young men but a Christian association for all young men"^[7]

1916 -1920 The title of General Secretary was discontinued this period as post war the organisation needed to adjust having been dominated by the military units. Two officers controlled the organisation. M.U. Maddern was secretary to the Army Department and R Taylor became Secretary of the General Department. This gave lack of continuity at the top at a time when the planning for transition to peace time was so important.^[7]

1920 Jack Tolston Massey.^[12] Jack Massey began his YMCA career as a field secretary attached to the Australian Imperial Forces^[13][14] A Christian (Anglican) and a pacifist he served in England France and Belgium assisting soldiers awaiting repatriation. He was appointed as General Secretary of the Adelaide YMCA in 1920 and went on to build and expand the organisation as well as develop programmes and advocate for young people with accomplishments including establishing a court for juvenile offenders and guiding amateur football in SA. He also provided support for British Boys brought out to help in agriculture. He attended the 100 years of Adelaide YMCA in 1978 not long before his death in 1981 and was acclaimed as one of the great men of the organisation and the community for his life of service.^{[citation needed]}

1939 - 1960 Alf Gibbs . During WW1 Alf Gibbs served as YMCA War Services Department Chief Commissioner overseeing YMCA staff in almost all military camps and some 62 representative overseas to assist the troops.^[15] Gibbs was appointed General Secretary Adelaide YMCA after some negotiations with the Adelaide YMCA Board while Alf was in India. He oversaw the expansion of the YMCA and the sale of the Gawler Place building. In 1956 he negotiated the purchase of the Presbyterian Church^[16] in Flinders Street which was demolished the following year and a new modern YMCA youth complex^[17] and residential facility was constructed. Gibbs led the fundraising that enabled the construction of YMCA youth facilities at Walkerville, Kilburn, Elizabeth and Glenelg. In 1945 "Loftia Park," a large block of land in the lovely Mount Lofty Ranges, was purchased with swimming pool, tennis courts, sports grounds and other facilities partly completed.^[4]

1960s

Graeme Irvine. Irvine was an

Daly wrote an Honours Thesis on "The Adelaide YMCA: 1879-1934". This thesis studied the changing role to the Y the 1st World War, and Depression. A copy is available from the YMCA SA office and will be eventually online. Daly also authored a book "Recreation and Sport Planning and Design."[18]

1970s

Glen Powell. Powell came to Australia with his family in about 1970 and worked under Daly until he became CEO. He was ex-Chicago YMCA and only came for "a couple of years". 50 year later he is still here living in Adelaide. Powell was a transformational leader of the organisation. Powell was a man of ideas and happy to experiment with new programme initiatives. He transformed camping into a massive co-ed programme, introduced Explorers and Adventurers which at its peak had about 1000 families involved. He set up the first child safety programme "Alert Assert" which was rolled out in schools. He negotiated the first PPP at Aberfoyle Hub which was a three way collaboration with the Council, Govt and YMCA. Other initiatives included Dollar Day a door knocking fundraiser and the City Port Fun Run which attracted thousands of runners.^[19]

1980s

Trevor Cleland. Was promoted from accountant to CEO with limited success. This created a crisis which inspired the recruitment to the board of some former Y members high in the corporate world who could use there expertise to review the organisation. Clive Armour^[20] (CEO of ETSA) Colin Williamson (CEO of Strategic Resources Consulting). A restructure of the organisation and shaking off the old Methodist mentality about paying people for their 'calling'. The board upped the salary offering from $19,000 to $52,000 and went to market for a new CEO.^{[citation needed]}

Rob Dowling 1990? - 2003. Dowling came from Carclew Performing Arts and became our first leaders called a CEO as the others were titled General Secretaries. Dowling was a transformational leader and kept all the Y programmes running at a high level and established a Registered Training Organisation running certificate course out of the Flinders Street headquarters. With the Flinders Street property becoming outdated and run down Dowling sought to redevelop site.. A 12-story, strata titled building with the Y having some floors and selling off others. Plans were drawn by Woodhead Australia and funding partners sought. Brilliant idea but the board was not able to pull it off. The Flinders' Street property was then sold as cost of fire compliance and the age of the building proved uneconomical to refurbish. Closing the residential wing affected the organisations cash flow. Dowling sought to purchase another building, an old bank, but not supported by the Board. Dowling left to undertake teaching and research at Flinders University before retirement to the Adelaide hills.^{[citation needed]}

Dave Bedson: Held the position for a short time.^{[citation needed]}

2000s

Mike Kelly. Driven by the board policy Kelly spent his time trying to win contracts for student accommodation which was an emerging area of service due to the growing numbers of overseas students in Adelaide. This chewed up significant funds which ultimately delivered no results and the money from the sale of Flinders Street property began to diminish. Changing time saw the diminishing of the camping programme and Explorers and Adventurers.^{[citation needed]}

Peter Schwartz. A former footballer, Schwartz did some very good work, won the Aquadome contract and set up a Community Strengthening unit, after school care and negotiated access to Home and Community Care grant funding to expand YMCA social services.^{[citation needed]}