Yakovlev Yak-15
Yak-15 | |
---|---|
The only surviving Yak-15, displayed at the Vadim Zadorozhny Technical Museum, Moscow (2012) | |
Role | Fighter |
Manufacturer | Yakovlev |
First flight | 24 April 1946 |
Introduction | 1947 |
Primary user | Soviet Air Force
|
Produced | 1946–47 |
Number built | 280 |
Developed from | Yakovlev Yak-3 |
Developed into | Yakovlev Yak-17 |
The Yakovlev Yak-15 (
Design
Development and description
On 9 April 1945, the
The
Yakovlev was able to adapt the two existing prototypes to the RD-10 with little trouble and one aircraft participated in the August 1946
The tests revealed a number of problems in that the thick wing inherited from the Yak-3 limited the top speed of the aircraft, the engine exhaust damaged the surface of the airfield, the cockpit often filled with smoke from kerosene and oil that had dripped onto the engine, and the aircraft was very short-ranged. Despite these problems, the Yak-15 proved to be very easy to fly, even for pilots accustomed to piston-engined fighters, and caused the VVS to accept the fighter as a conversion trainer.[9]
Even before the State acceptance trials were completed, the Council of Ministers ordered the aircraft into production in December 1946. 50 aircraft were to be built between January and April 1947, equally split between single-seat aircraft and two-seat trainers, armed with only a single cannon. The trainer ran into serious development difficulties and all the aircraft of the first batch were single-seaters. Fifty of these participated in the May Day flypast in Moscow in 1947. A total of 280 Yak-15s were produced through the end of the year, exclusive of prototypes.[10] The aircraft were distributed in small numbers to fighter aviation regiments based in the USSR, Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Manchuria for use as conversion trainers. The aircraft's manoeuvrability led it to be used by a number of informal acrobatic display teams throughout the late 1940s.[11]
A single prototype of the two-seat trainer was the first aircraft of the first production batch built by Factory No. 31 in the fall of 1946. The prototype did not begin manufacturer's flight testing until 5 April 1947, even though the primary differences from the single-seat version were limited to a redesigned forward fuselage that accommodated an additional cockpit for the trainee where the armament used to be and a sideways-opening,
One Yak-15 was used to test a prototype aerial refueling system in 1949, although the installation on the fighter and the Tupolev Tu-2 bomber used as the tanker were both dummies to test procedures and fit.[13]
Yak-17-RD10
On 29 April 1946, five days after the
The back of the seat was armoured and the pilot was also protected by a bulletproof
At an altitude of 5000 meters, the Yak-17-RD10, as the new fighter was designated, was expected to have a top speed of 822 km/h (511 mph); a significant improvement over that of the production Yak-15. The aircraft was completed on 3 September and ground tests lasted until 26 September, but it never flew as the Yak-15 had already been ordered into production and its conventional landing gear was already deemed obsolete.[13]
Survivors
Only one Yak-15 survives, 'Yellow 37' at the Vadim Zadorozhny Technical Museum outside Moscow. It was purchased by the technical museum when the Yakovlev OKB's museum was liquidated in 2006.[14]
Variants
Data from: OKB Yakovlev[15]
- Yak-Jumo (Yak-3-Jumo): The first prototypes of the Yak-15 series, powered by captured Jumo 004 engines.
- Yak-15-RD10: (also referred to as Yak-RD) Initial designation of prototypes and early production aircraft powered by Soviet-built RD-10 engines (copies of the Jumo 004), with no or reduced armament.
- Yak-15: Production aircraft with full armament
- Yak-21: Two-seat training version of Yak-15. One built, but not proceeded with because of the success of the trainer version of the Yak-17.[16]
- Yak-15V: (V - Vyvozny - familiarisation trainer) Alternative designation for the Yak-21.
- Yak-15U: (U - Uchebnotrenirovochnyy - training) Alternative designation for the Yak-21.
- Yak-15U (Yakovlev Yak-15U-RD10): (U - uloochshenny - improved) Improved Yak-15 with tricycle undercarriage and drop tanks, became the prototype of the Yak-17 proper.
Yak-17-RD10: An experimental aircraft, similar in appearance to the Yak-Jumo aircraft, but actually largely new, incorporating improved aerodynamics, an ejection seat and protection for the pilot. The sole prototype remained unflown after further development was cancelled on 26 September 1946, as taxi tests were being carried out.[13]
Users
Specifications (Yak-15)
Data from OKB Yakovlev: A History of the Design Bureau and Its Aircraft[17]
General characteristics
- Crew: one
- Length: 8.7 m (28 ft 7 in)
- Wingspan: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
- Wing area: 14.85 m2 (159.8 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 1,852 kg (4,083 lb)
- Gross weight: 2,638 kg (5,816 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 590 kg (1,300 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Klimov RD-10 turbojet, 8.8 kN (2,000 lbf) thrust
Performance
- Maximum speed: 786 km/h (489 mph, 425 kn)
- Combat range: 510 km (320 mi, 280 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 21.6 m/s (4,250 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 197 kg/m2 (40 lb/sq ft)
Armament
- Guns: 2 × 23 mm (0.91 in) Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon with 60 rounds each
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Lavochkin Aircraft 150
- Lavochkin Aircraft 152
- Aerfer Sagittario
- Aerfer Ariete
Related lists
Citations
- ^ Gordon 2002, p. 51
- ^ Parsch, Andreas and Aleksey V. Martynov. "Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles." designation-systems.net, 2008. Retrieved: 19 August 2011
- ^ Gunston 1995, p. 472
- ^ Greenwood, Higham and Hardesty 1998, p. 150.
- ^ Gordon 2002, pp. 47, 61
- ^ a b Gordon 2002, p. 50
- ^ Gunston and Gordon, p. 106
- ^ Gordon 2002, p. 51
- ^ Gordon 2002, pp. 58–59
- ^ Gordon 2002, pp. 59–61
- ^ Mikolajczuk, pp. 13, 15
- ^ Gordon 2002, pp. 51, 64
- ^ a b c Gordon 2002, p. 62
- ^ Gordon & Komissarov 2014, pp. 117, 119
- ISBN 1-85780-203-9.
- ^ Gordon 2002, p. 64
- ^ Gordon & Kommissarov 2014, p. 161
Bibliography
- Gordon, Yefim. Early Soviet Jet Fighters. Hinkley, UK: Midland, 2002. ISBN 1-85780-139-3
- Gordon, Yefim and Dmitriy Kommissarov. Early Soviet Jet Fighters. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2014. ISBN 978-1-90210-935-0
- Gordon, Yefim, Dimtry Kommissarov, and Sergey Komissariov. OKB Yakovlev: A History of the Design Bureau and Its Aircraft. Hinkley, England: Midland, 2005. ISBN 1-85780-203-9
- Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Smithmark, 1994. ISBN 0-8317-3939-8
- Greenwood, John T., Robin Higham and Von Hardesty. Russian Aviation and Air Power in the Twentieth Century. Milton Park, UK: Routledge, 1998. ISBN 978-0-7146-4784-5
- ISBN 1-85532-405-9
- Gunston, Bill and Yefim Gordon. Yakovlev Aircraft Since 1924. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-978-6
- Mikolajczuk, Marian. Yakovlev Yak-23: The First Yakovlev Jet Fighters. Sandomirez, Poland: Stratus, 2008. ISBN 978-83-89450-54-8
External links