Yantai stingray

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Yantai stingray
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Superorder: Batoidea
Order: Myliobatiformes
Family: Dasyatidae
Genus: Hemitrygon
Species:
H. laevigata
Binomial name
Hemitrygon laevigata
(Y. T. Chu, 1960)

The Yantai stingray (Hemitrygon laevigata; often misgendered laevigatus),

habitat degradation, and its numbers appear to be declining. The International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN) has assessed it as vulnerable.

Taxonomy

The Yantai stingray was described by Yuanting Chu in his 1960 Cartilaginous Fishes of China, based on specimens obtained from the Shanghai Fish Market, Dongfushan, and Huaniao.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The Yantai stingray is found in the

estuaries.[1]

Description

A small species, male and female Yantai stingrays grow to no more than 20 cm (7.9 in) and 30 cm (12 in) across respectively. Its

papillae across the floor. The teeth are arranged with a quincunx pattern into pavement-like surfaces; the teeth of adult males have a sharp recurved cusp, while those of females and juveniles are blunt. There are around 40 tooth rows in the upper jaw. The five pairs of gill slits are short.[3]

The

dermal denticles even in adults. The disc is yellowish gray-brown above, with irregular darker blotches and yellow marks adjacent to the eyes and spiracles; the underside is white with irregular darker spots and a yellowish gray margin. The tail is dark brown with a yellow lateral stripe and black fin folds.[3]

Biology and ecology

Little is known of the Yantai stingray's natural history. Like other stingrays, it is

aplacental viviparous with females probably giving birth to only 1–2 pups at a time.[1]

Human interactions

Although generally innocuous towards humans, fishery workers have been injured by the

commercial fisheries as bycatch. In Japan, where it is often mistaken for the red stingray (D. akajei), its small size typically results in captured individuals being discarded. Such is not the case in China, where the Yantai stingray is one of the three most common stingrays brought to market.[1]

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the Yantai stingray as vulnerable, as with its slow reproductive rate its population is unlikely to withstand the intense fishing pressure present throughout both the Yellow and East China Seas. Furthermore, its habitat is threatened by widespread coastal development in the region. Anecdotal reports suggest that the Yantai stingray is significantly less common now in Chinese markets than it was in the past.[1]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161618A124516086.en
    . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Catalog of Fishes (Online Version). California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c Nishida, K. and K. Nakaya (1990). "Taxonomy of the genus Dasyatis (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatididae) from the North Pacific." in Pratt, H.L., S.H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi. Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and behaviour, and the status of fisheries. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS 90. pp. 327–346.
  4. ^ Schwartz, F.J. (January 31, 2007). "Tail spine characteristics of stingrays (Order Myliobatiformes) frequenting the FAO fishing area 61 (20°N 120°E – 50°N 150°E) of the Northwest Pacific Ocean". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 14: 121–130.
  5. ^ Yu, Y.J.; X.P. Liu; K.L. Zhang; Y.C. Sun; H.Q. Wang & S.D. Qin (2000). "Toxicity research of spine poisoning fish frequently found in China coastal waters – investigation of injury caused by stingray Dasyatis laevigatus Chu". Marine Environmental Science/Haiyang Huanjing Kexue. 19 (1): 24–28.
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