Red stingray

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Red stingray

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Superorder: Batoidea
Order: Myliobatiformes
Family: Dasyatidae
Genus: Hemitrygon
Species:
H. akajei
Binomial name
Hemitrygon akajei
Synonyms

The red stingray (Hemitrygon akajei) is a

pectoral fin disc and gains its common name
from its bright orange-red underside; there may also be patches of orange at various spots on its upper surface. Most individuals are no more than 1 m (3.3 ft) long.

Feeding mainly on

Near Threatened
.

Taxonomy

The original description of the red stingray was published by

lectotype for this species was designated by Marinus Boeseman in 1947.[2] Other common names for the red stingray include brown stingray, estuary stingaree, Japanese red stingray, Japanese stingray, red skate, whip ray, whip stingray, and yellow stingray.[3]

Distribution and habitat

The red stingray may be

estuaries.[6]

Description

The red stingray has orange coloration on its dorsal and ventral surfaces.

The red stingray can grow to 2 m (6.6 ft) long and 0.66 m (2.2 ft) across, though most do not exceed 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. The maximum recorded weight is 10.7 kg (24 lb).

papillae across the floor of the mouth, sometimes with up to 2 pairs of accessory papillae alongside.[4]

The tail is whip-like and measures 1–1.5 times as long as the disc is wide. A long, serrated spine originates in the first third of the tail, and is followed by a low dorsal keel and a ventral fin fold. Young rays have smooth skin, while adults have a patch of small

meristic counts to this species, but differs in disc shape, denticle coverage, and dorsal coloration.[8]

Biology and ecology

As an

aplacental viviparous.[3] During courtship, the male follows the female and bites at her pectoral fin disc, using his pointed teeth to gain a grip for copulation.[5] The litter size has been variously reported as only 1 or up to 10.[1][6] Males mature sexually at a disc width of 35–40 cm (14–16 in), and females at a disc width of 50–55 cm (20–22 in).[5]

Known

isopod Gnathia capillata.[18]

Human interactions

The

Near Threatened.[1]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T60148A104113935.en
    . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Catalog of Fishes (Online Version). California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved on December 4, 2009.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Dasyatis akajei" in FishBase. December 2009 version.
  4. ^ a b c Nishida, K. and K. Nakaya (1990). "Taxonomy of the genus Dasyatis (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatididae) from the North Pacific." in Pratt, H.L., S.H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi. Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and behaviour, and the status of fisheries. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS 90. pp. 327–346.
  5. ^
    doi:10.2331/suisan.59.53
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 0-930118-18-9
    .
  7. ^
    doi:10.5479/si.00963801.26-1324.593
    .
  8. S2CID 29725251
    .
  9. ^ Wang Y.H. & Yang W.C. (July 2001). "Two new species of Acanthobothrium from marine fishes in Xiamen, Fujian, China (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothridae)". Journal of Xiamen University Natural Science. 40 (4 Supplement Sum 163): 943–948.
  10. ^ Wang Y.H.; Yang W.C.; Liu S.F. & Li L.W. (July 2003). "A new genus record of Phyllobothriidae from marine fish Dasyatis akajei in China". Journal of Xiamen University Natural Science. 42 (4): 542–544.
  11. ^ Yang W.C.; Liu G.C. & Lin Y.G. (January 1995). "Two new species of cestode (Lecanicephalidea: Lecanicephalidae) from marine fishes in Xiamen, south Fujian, P.R. of China". Journal of Xiamen University Natural Science. 34 (1 Supplement Sum 124): 109–112.
  12. ^ Ho, J. & P.S. Perkins (1980). "Monogenea from fishes of the Sea of Japan part 1: Order Monopisthocotylea". Annual Report of the Sado Marine Biological Station Niigata University. Supplement 10: 1–10.
  13. ^ Timofeeva, T.A. (1983). "New representatives of monocotylids (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from cartilaginous fishes of the South China and Yellow Seas". Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta. 121: 35–47.
  14. S2CID 21573250
    .
  15. ^ Mozgovoi, A.A. (1950). "Contribution to the Anisakid fauna of fishes and reptiles". Trud. Gel'mint. Lab. 3: 102–118.
  16. S2CID 21313455
    .
  17. S2CID 45745111
    .
  18. ^ Nunomura, N. & Y. Honma (July 2004). "Gnathia capillata, a new species of the genus Gnathia (Crustacea, Isopoda) from Sado Island, the Sea of Japan". Contributions from the Biological Laboratory Kyoto University. 29 (4): 343–349.
  19. ISBN 0-12-026121-9
    .
  20. ISBN 92-5-005515-3
    .
  21. ISBN 92-5-104361-2
    .
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