Yatala Labour Prison
Location | Peter Brown Drive, Northfield, South Australia |
---|---|
Coordinates | 34°50′40″S 138°37′43″E / 34.84444°S 138.62861°E |
Status | Operational |
Security class | Maximum security |
Capacity | 468[1] |
Opened | 1854 |
Managed by | Department for Correctional Services |
Yatala Labour Prison is a high-security men's prison located in the north-eastern part of the northern Adelaide suburb Northfield, South Australia. It was built in 1854 to enable prisoners to work at Dry Creek, quarrying rock for roads and construction. Originally known as The Stockade of Dry Creek or just The Stockade, it acquired its current name from a local Kaurna word relating to inundation by water, which was used for the Hundred of Yatala.
The prison has been expanded many times but still has functioning buildings that date to the 1850s. It remains Adelaide's main male prison and although it was scheduled to be closed by 2011, it has remained open due to the Global Financial Crisis leading to a lack of funding for a replacement prison.
Geography and naming
Yatala prison, originally called "The Stockade" or "The Stockade of Dry Creek" when established in 1854, was named after the
It is sited in Adelaide's northern suburb of
History
For the first five years of
In the 19th century,
19th century
Twenty five prisoners were sent to the Dry Creek site to work in the quarries in July 1854, living at night in an iron house. Dry Creek prison was officially declared a
In its early years rock-cracking,
The first batch of 24 convicts was sent to the prison from Adelaide gaol on 9 February 1855 wearing the characteristic broad arrow pattern prison clothes of the time,[11] and the first escape from the prison took place October 1855 with 8 escapees. The prisoners were captured, chained in solitary confinement within the prison, then subsequently punished with 50 lashes for the escape and other disciplinary issues.[7]
For the prison,
A railway line and terminus, called the Stockade railway station, was opened on 1 June 1857 to service the facility and to aid with stone transportation. It remained in use until its closure and removal in 1961.
The first significant expansion of the prison buildings occurred in 1858 with the construction of B Division. Built in the centre of the prison with 123 cells and, in the 19th century, designed to hold 300 prisoners.[7] A new wing was added in 1872 with 36 cells, guard accommodation and a wall separating it from the rest of the prison, with 37 more cells added in 1878. By 1880 the accommodation was seen as insufficient for the 280 prisoners then held, with up to three per cell and eighteen per dormitory room. A T shaped building was constructed in 1884 with 96 cells over three floors, and the walled area expanded. The building included a chapel, offices and three dark underground cells used for solitary confinement. Known as A Division, it was built by prisoners at the jail as part of their enforced labour.[12]
20th century
Prisoners moved from rock breaking to goods production with trades including
C Division was created in 1957, as a minimum-security building, outside the main prison walls with a dining room added in 1967. B Division was redesigned and reequipped in 1958. The special education section of the education department opened a school at the prison in 1976 and
In 1962, prisoners at Yatala participated in medical experiments at the University of Adelaide, with the prison's sheriff J. H. Allen stating they had volunteered for experimentation as part of "community service". H. R. Oaten, the state president of the Australian Medical Association, stated that the experiments were in breach of the World Medical Association's code of ethics, but "was confident the prisoners would come to no harm".[13]
Although a high security prison, there have been some significant prisoner escapes. Four prisoners escaped in 1930, and lead the police on a car chase with whom they were involved in a shootout. After escaping into school grounds they were recaptured, with two of the police injured.[14] Six prisoners escaped from the jail in 1979 after an attempted mass break-out by thirty. A wall that was under repair and covered in scaffolding was used as part of the escape, but all six escapees were soon recaptured.[15] There was poor morale amongst inmates in the 1980s leading to a major prison riot. Sixty prisoners went on a rampage on 22 March 1983, and lit fires, destroying the roof of A division. The government saw this as an opportunity to restructure Yatala, rather than simply repairing the damage, and on 21 December announced that A division would be demolished. The former Enfield Council strongly objected due to the building's historic value but demolition began on 6 February 1984.[16]
Yatala Labour Prison today
The prison holds high, medium and low security prisoners, and is South Australia's main induction and reception prison for male prisoners. It still retains industry facilities that are the largest in the South Australian prison system, and is run by the South Australian government's Department for Correctional Services. Some of the original buildings and parts of old equipment can still be seen from a creek level walking trail, between the prison and new suburb of Walkley Heights. These include guard towers, quarries, a blacksmith's shop and a gunpowder magazine[17]
The prison is divided into four units:[18]
- B Division – High and medium security mainstream prisoners and is now the working division includes industries such as panda, assembly, joiners, spray and sign shop and ground maintenance. The clothing colour is dark green.
- E Division – is now the introduction unit. The clothing colour is dark blue.
- F Division – is the new protection unit, they do all the cooking and laundry for the jail. The clothing colour is light blue.
- G Division – The highest security section of the prison. Prisoners are under total separation.
- E Unit 4 – It is a small unit accommodating 16 prisoners.
- Holden Hill – Due to the critical bed-space crisis in South Australian prisons, Holden Hill became functional in 2016. It can accommodate 19 prisoners.
Yatala is reported as having 603 prisoners in a facility designed for 341. The prison was planned to be closed when a new prison at Mobilong was completed, though some buildings will be retained for their historic values.[19] It was expected that the closure would happen by 2011, and the land developed for residential housing but this has since been cancelled. No current funding has been put in place for the new prison, therefore the land redevelopment will not occur as planned.
A new roster was implemented on 2 July 2011 despite a widespread outcry and criticism by the staff. Stephen Mann was the previous General Manager of Yatala. He was succeeded by Brenton Williams and currently Tracy Watkins. Paul Laister is Peter Forrests successor of the PSA representative for Echo Division. The new gatehouse was opened in March, 2013 by David Brown, the Chief Executive of Department for Correctional Services. The reception area includes two state of the art turnstile machines, which can detect any concealed drugs and metal objects. It is also equipped with an X -ray scanning machine. After checking through the turnstiles, visitors and staff must go through an Iris scan and fingerprint detecting booths to gain entry into the prison.[20]
Notable prisoners
- Alan Bond– businessman, spent a brief time in Yatala during his fraud trial in the early 1990s.
- Mark Haydon.
- Bevan Spencer von Einem – convicted murderer and suspected serial murderer.
- Jean Eric Gassy – deregistered Sydney psychiatrist who shot dead South Australia's head of mental health in October 2002.
- Guantánamo Bay detainee convicted by US military tribunal of providing material support for terrorism.[21] Hicks was released 29 December 2007.[22]
- James William Miller – served six consecutive life sentences for murder in relation to the Truro Murders. Died of cancer in 2008.[23]
- Peter Falconio, was held briefly in the prison before being extradited.
- Royal Commission and a 2002 film, paroled in 1973.
- Rodney Clavell – He had worked as a former prison officer at Yatala and Mobilong prisons in the early 2000s, before turning to a life of crime. He took his own life during a siege after being pursued by police in 2014.[24]
Notes
- ^ Yatala Labour Prison
- ISBN 9781921536571.
Yatala most likely derives from yertalla 'water running by the side of a river; inundation; cascade'. As Manning (1986:238) observes 'in winter when water flowed from the hills, over the plains, the Dry Creek area became a morass'.
- ^ Department of Mines.Geology and Underground Water Resources of the Adelaide Plains Area Adelaide: Geological Survey of South Australia. Bulletin No. 27, 1952 (As cited in Settlers on the Hill, City of Salisbury Publication, 1985)
- ^ Lewis, H. (1985), p. 170.
- ^ "Adelaide – Gaols, Reformatories and the Law". State library of South Australia. Retrieved 28 February 2007.
- ^ Lewis, H. (1985), pp. 174–5
- ^ a b c d e Lewis, H. (1985), p. 175.
- ^ "Indecent tattoos and other notations, Yatala prison registers in the 1800s" (PDF). State Records of South Australia. p. 8. Retrieved 1 March 2007.
- ISBN 0-9596363-5-8. Archived from the original(PDF) on 24 July 2003. Retrieved 13 August 2006.
- ^ a b c Lewis, H. (1985), p.177
- ^ The Observer, 10 February 1855, Adelaide, South Australia, p. 5.
- ^ Lewis, H. (1985), p. 176.
- ^ "Inquiry Hinted On Prisoner Medical Tests". The Canberra Times. 15 November 1962.
- ^ "History Timeline". City of Prospect. 2006. Retrieved 1 March 2007.
- ^ "News". The Illawarra Mercury. 25 August 1979. p. 21.
- ^ Lewis H. (1985), p. 180
- ^ "The History of Correctional Services". Department for correctional services, South Australia. Retrieved 1 March 2007.
- ^ "Prison and Prisoner Management, Yatala Labour Prison". Department of Justice Correctional Services, South Australia. Retrieved 1 March 2007.
- ^ Kelton, Greg (21 September 2006). "Yatala to go for new homes". The Advertiser. pp. 1–2.
- ^ "State Budget 2006 Jailbreak that sets free our suburbs". The Advertiser. 23 September 2006. p. 22.
- ^ "Australian Gitmo detainee gets 9 months". The Boston Globe. 30 March 2007. Archived from the original on 30 June 2007.
- ^ "Hicks wants privacy following release". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 December 2007.
- ^ Kidd, Paul B. "The Truro Serial Murders". Courtroom Television Network LLC.
- ^ "Adelaide CBD siege: Rodney Clavell one of 'many' prison workers to turn to crime, former colleague says". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
References
- Lewis, H. John (1985). ENFIELD and The Northern Villages. The corporation of the city of Enfield. ISBN 0-85864-090-2.