Yelloweye rockfish
Yelloweye rockfish | |
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Typical adult | |
Typical young | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
Family: | Scorpaenidae |
Genus: | Sebastes |
Species: | S. ruberrimus
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Binomial name | |
Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer, 1895)
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Synonyms[1] | |
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The yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) is a
.Yelloweye rockfish are prized for their meat, and were declared
Taxonomy
The yelloweye rockfish was first formally
Characteristics
The yelloweye rockfish is colored red on its back, orange to yellow on the sides, and black on the fin tips. Its young are typically under 28 cm (11 in) in length, and differ from the adults in that they have two reddish-white stripes along their belly,[6] and are often red. Because of the distinct difference in coloration between juveniles and adults, they were considered separate species for a long time.[7] Its head spines are exceptionally strong. They grow to a maximum length of 36 in (0.9 m) and are typically found in the 28-to-215-fathom (51-to-393 m) range, although specimen have been reported up to a maximum depth of 260 fathoms (475 m).[6]
Yelloweye rockfish live to be extremely old, even for their unusually long-lived genus. They average 114[2] to 120[3] years of age; the oldest ones reach as much as 147 years. They fade from bright orange to a paler yellow as they grow in age. They are exceptionally slow developing as well, not reaching maturity until they are around 20 years of age.[2]
Diet
Habitat
The yelloweye rockfish has been recorded all along the
Stock Structure
Genetic analysis has found three distinct populations of yelloweye rockfish: the outside coastal population off the coast of Alaska, British Columbia, and the West Coast of the United States; an inside population in the Salish Sea, including the San Juan Islands, Strait of Georgia, and Puget Sound; and third stock in Hood Canal.[9]
Fishing impacts and stock status
Due to their large size and fillet quality, yelloweye rockfish are a highly prized species in both commercial and recreational fisheries. Historically, yelloweye are taken in by
Yelloweye brought to the surface by fishing boats tend to die of decompression
Recent federal research by John Hyde at
A stock assessment of the species, which incorporated data gathered from northern California and Oregon, was conducted in 2001. The study concluded the fish's numbers are just 7% of what they would be without human intervention in northern California, and a slightly higher 13% in Oregon. The assessment also showed a 30-year decline in numbers. These numbers are far below the 25% threshold at which a fish is labeled "overfished".
The formal rebuilding analysis of the species initially estimated that recovery would take decades, as much as 100 years of recovery. This is associated with the fact that they do not reach sexual maturity until they are 10 to 20 years of age.[2][10] A total of 13.5 metric tons (29,800 lb) of yelloweye catch were allowed coastwide in 2002. This limit is set so that fisheries can potentially catch yelloweye if they are caught accidentally, but prevents the targeted fishing of the species. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, meanwhile, prohibited retention of yelloweye rockfish caught by recreational fisheries. Commercial retention of the rockfish is prohibited except for a small 300 lb (136 kg) limit, to allow yelloweye caught dead to be retained.[10] California's sportfishing regulations prohibit the take or possession of yelloweye rockfish (also cowcod and bronzespotted rockfish).[12]
As time passed, the restrictions on fishing became stricter; the 2009 Washington state quota is just 6,000 pounds (2.7 t), fewer than 1000 fish. State departments are prepared to close down anglers hunting halibut to protect the species if the situation becomes dire.[3]
A 2017
Yelloweye rockfish in the inside waters of the
References
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Sebastes ruberrimus" in FishBase. August 2021 version.
- ^ a b c d "Orion Charters - Rock Fish". 6 October 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Protecting Washington's Yelloweye Rockfish". Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Sebastes". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 May 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 8): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Sebastidae, Setarchidae and Neosebastidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ NOAA. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
- ^ NOAAOffice of Protected Resources. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
- ^ "Sebastes ruberrimus". Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b National Marine Fisheries Service (2016), 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger), and bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) of the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin (PDF), Seattle, Washington: National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources
- ^ a b c d "Avoid Yelloweye Rockfish". June 4, 2002. Archived from the original on 2 February 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - PMID 23118164. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
- ^ "2021-2022 Ocean Sport Fishing Regulations".
- ^ Gertseva V, Cope JM (2017), Stock assessment of the yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) in state and Federal waters off California, Oregon and Washington (PDF), Portland, OR: Pacific Fisheries Management Council
- ^ Gertseva V, Cope JM (2018), Rebuilding analysis for yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) based on the 2017 stock assessment (PDF), Portland, OR: Pacific Fisheries Management Council
- ^ "Rockfish Recovery in Puget Sound" (PDF). NOAA Fisheries West Coast Region. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
External links
- Milton S. Love, Mary Yoklavich, Lyman K. Thorsteinson, (2002), The Rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific, University of California Press, pp. 234–236
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Sebastes ruberrimus" in FishBase. August 2009 version.
- National Marine Fisheries Service canary rockfish webpage