Zawisza the Black

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Zawisza Czarny
)
This article is about the medieval knight. For the ship, see Zawisza Czarny (ship). For others named Zawisza, see Zawisza (disambiguation). For others nicknamed "Black knight", see Black knight (disambiguation).
Zawisza the Black
Knight
Golubac fortress

Zawisza the Black of Garbów,

knightly virtues and was renowned for winning multiple tournaments
.

Name

Historians propose two possible theories to the origins of Zawisza's nickname Black (Polish: Czarny). According to more popular, and more probable, theory, his nickname came from his black hair. The second theory proposes that the nickname came from his custom-made, black armour.[1]

Origin

Zawisza was born in

Piotr Wysz
, and they had four sons.

1410–1419

Briefly in the service of the

Władisław II Jagiełło of Poland and Sigismund of Luxembourg, then King of Hungary, which came to be known as the Treaty of Lubowla. In 1412 he participated in the conference between Sigismund, Wladyslaw II and Tvrtko II of Bosnia at Buda
, where he won the tournament held there, with 1,500 knights present.

Władysław Jagiełło
to Zawisza the Black in 1414.

Zawisza was as much a diplomat as he was a warrior, being an envoy for the Polish king Władysław II and Hungarian-Bohemian king Sigismund of Luxembourg. As one of six diplomats that represented the

Polish Kingdom and King Władysław II at the Council of Constance, he was one of very few supporters of Jan Hus
, and consequently strongly opposed his condemnation and subsequent execution for heresy.

In 1416, Zawisza participated in a tournament at

Wenceslaus of Bohemia. Subsequently, Zawisza participated in the Hussite Wars on the side of King Sigismund. During Sigismund's defeat at Kutná Hora
(21 December 1421), Zawisza was taken prisoner by the Hussites and subsequently released in return for a high ransom.

War against Ottomans and death

In 1428, Zawisza, with his retinue as a commander of a light cavalry banner of 500 horsemen, joined the forces of Sigismund in the king's war against the Ottoman Turks. During that disastrous campaign he fought them at the

Golubac
or executed in Ottoman captivity.

Family

Zawisza was survived by his wife Barbara and their children:

He had a granddaughter, Barbara of

guerrilla
commander in World War II in Europe.

Legacy

During his life, he was regarded as a model of

Polish Scouts oath reads partly: "...polegać na nim jak na Zawiszy" ('[you can] rely on him as on Zawisza'). Several Polish football clubs and other sports teams were named after him, including, Zawisza Bydgoszcz
.

In Serbia, where the Golubac Fortress is located and where he is known as Zaviša Crni (Serbian Cyrillic: Завиша Црни), he was revered as a brave knight. A monument to Zawisza at Golubac Fortress bears the inscription: "In Golubac, his life was taken by the Turks in 1428, the famous Polish knight, the symbol of courage and honor, Zawisza the Black. Glory to the hero!" Also, in the reconstructed fortress, there is a permanent exhibition celebrating knights who defended the fortress, with a special section dedicated to Zawisza.[6][7] In Belgrade, Serbian capital, there is a street named after him in the neighborhood of Senjak (Улица Завише Црног/Ulica Zaviše Crnog).[8]

Several dramas have been made based on his life.

Notes

  1. ^ Polish: Zawisza Czarny z Garbowa, pronunciation: [zaˈvʲiʂa ˈt͡ʂarn̪ɨ]; Latin: Zawissius Niger de Garbow

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zawisza Czarny z Garbowa.
  • Beata Możejko; Sobiesław Szybkowski; Błażej Śliwiński (2003). Zawisza Czarny z Garbowa herbu Sulima. Wydawn. WiM.
    ISBN 978-83-918873-4-9
    .
  • Anna Klubówna (1974). Zawisza Czarny w historii i legendzie. Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza.
  • Katarzyna Beliniak (2007). Zawisza Czarny - człowiek legenda. De Agostini Polska.
    ISBN 978-83-248-0627-0
    .
  • Stefan M. Kuczyński (1983). Zawisza Czarny: powieść historyczna. Śląsk.
    ISBN 978-83-216-0317-9
    .
  • Ignacy Kozielewski (1928). Zawisza Czarny. Dobra Prasa.

References

  1. ^ "Najmężniejszy rycerz króla Polski – Zawisza Czarny". trojka.polskieradio.pl (in Polish). 19 June 2018.
  2. ^ August von Kotzebue: Preußens Ältere Geschichte, p. 408, at Google Books, Riga 1808: Schwarze Sawisch
  3. ^ informacje z zeszytu historycznego Rzeczpospolitej "Batalie i wodzowie wszech czasów", Nr 21, "Władysław III pod Warną", 7 czerwca 2008, str. 13 – "Zgubna decyzja Władysława"
  4. ^ Zawisza Czarny z Grabowa – Herbu Sulima
  5. ^ Obszerny życiorys, wg informacji ze strony 77 DSH im. Zawiszy Czarnego (hufiec Bytom)
  6. ^ Dragoljub Stevanović (30 September 2018). "Крузери под Голубачком тврђавом - Легенде уз мед и вино" [Cruisers under the Golubac Fortress - Legends with honey and wine]. Politika-Magazin, No. 1096 (in Serbian). pp. 20–21.
  7. ^ Andrijana Cvetićanin (14 January 2018). "Zanimljiva Srbija: Golubački grad - Bele kule na Dunavu" [Interesting Serbia: Golubac Fortress - White towers on the Danube]. Politika-Magazin, No. 1059 (in Serbian). pp. 20–21.
  8. ISSN 0350-4727
    .
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