Zunyi Conference
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Zunyi Conference | ||
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Hanyu Pinyin Zūnyì huìyì | [tswə́nî xwêɪî] | |
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Tzuenyih hueyyih | |
Wade–Giles | Tsun-i hui-i |
The Zunyi Conference (
Background
In August 1934, with the
Initially the First Red Army, with its baggage of top communist officials, records, currency reserves and other trapping of the exiled Chinese Soviet Republic, fought through several lightly defended Kuomintang checkpoints, crossing the
Meeting
In January 1935, after the Red Army took over the city of Zunyi, a town of military importance in
The names and numbers of participants in the conference have always been disputed. These details are of importance to the largely Soviet view that elected members of the party were outvoted by non-members. Those who are most strongly agreed to have attended by all are Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Liu Shaoqi, Zhang Wentian, Bo Gu, Liu Bocheng, Li Fuchun, Lin Biao, and Peng Dehuai. Chinese sources which show that non-members could not have outvoted members have the following participants:
- Politburo members: Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Zhang Wentian, Bo Gu.
- Alternate politburo members: He Kequan), leader of CY.
- Generals: Liu Bocheng, Chief of Staff of Red Army; Li Fuchun, acting director of political department of Red Army (acting General Commissar); Lin Biao, and commander of 1st Field Army; Peng Dehuai, commander of 3rd Field Army; Nie Rongzhen, Lin's commissar; Yang Shangkun, Peng's commissar and another member of 28 Bolsheviks; and Li Zhuoran.
- Secretariat and chief editor of the CCP newspaper, the Red Star, Deng Xiaoping.
- Otto Braun and his interpreter Wu Xiuquan.
Various scholars dispute the attendance of Chen Yun, Liu Shaoqi, Wang Jiaxiang, He Kequan, Deng Fa, Nie Rongzhen, and Deng Xiaoping. On the other hand, Liang Botai, Wu Liangping, Teng Daiyuan, Li Weihan, Wang Shoudao, and Yang Shangkun are also held to have attended by some sources[who?].[citation needed]
Conference agenda and speeches
The main agenda of this conference was to examine the Party's failure in the Jiangxi region and to look at the options now available to them. Bo Gu was the first to speak with a general report. He acknowledged that the strategy used in Jiangxi had failed without taking any blame. He claimed the lack of success was not due to poor planning. Next, Zhou gave a report on the military situation in an apologetic style. In contrast to Bo, he admitted mistakes had been made. Then, Zhang Wentian condemned the leaders for the debacle in Jiangxi in a long, critical oration, which was supported by Mao and Wang. Mao's comparative distance from power over the past two years had left him blameless of the recent failures and in a strong position to attack the leadership.
Mao insisted that Bo Gu and Otto Braun had made fundamental military mistakes by using tactics of pure defense, rather than initiating a more mobile war. Mao's supporters gained momentum during the meeting and Zhou Enlai eventually moved to back Mao. Under the principle of democracy for majority, the secretariat of the Central Committee and Central Revolution & Military Committee of CCP were reelected. Bo and Braun were demoted while Zhou maintained his position now sharing military command with Zhu De. Zhang Wentian took Bo's previous position, and Mao once again joined the Central Committee.
The Zunyi Conference confirmed that the CCP should turn away from the 28 Bolsheviks and towards Mao. The Red Army regained its military power, survived in
See also
- Ningdu Conference (1932)
References
External links
- F. S. Litten: The Myth of the 'Turning-Point' - Towards a New Understanding of the Long March (article in 'Bochumer Jahrbuch zur Ostasienforschung', 2001)