Supervisor Mode Access Prevention
Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) is a feature of some
History
Supervisor Mode Access Prevention is designed to complement Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention (SMEP), which was introduced earlier. SMEP can be used to prevent supervisor mode from unintentionally executing user-space code. SMAP extends this protection to reads and writes.[2]
Benefits
Without Supervisor Mode Access Prevention, supervisor code usually has full read and write access to user-space memory mappings (or has the ability to obtain full access). This has led to the development of several security exploits, including privilege escalation exploits, which operate by causing the kernel to access user-space memory when it did not intend to.[3] Operating systems can block these exploits by using SMAP to force unintended user-space memory accesses to trigger page faults. Additionally, SMAP can expose flawed kernel code which does not follow the intended procedures for accessing user-space memory.[1]
However, the use of SMAP in an operating system may lead to a larger kernel size and slower user-space memory accesses from supervisor code, because SMAP must be temporarily disabled any time supervisor code intends to access user-space memory.[4]
Technical details
Processors indicate support for Supervisor Mode Access Prevention through the Extended Features CPUID leaf.
SMAP is enabled when
stac
(Set AC Flag) and clac
(Clear AC Flag) instructions can be used to easily set or clear the flag.[5]When the SMAP bit in CR4 is set, explicit memory reads and writes to user-mode pages performed by code running with a
Operating system support
FreeBSD has supported Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention since 2012[6] and Supervisor Mode Access Prevention since 2018.[7]
OpenBSD has supported Supervisor Mode Access Prevention and the related Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention since 2012,[8] with OpenBSD 5.3 being the first release with support for the feature enabled.[9]
NetBSD support for Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention (SMEP) was implemented by Maxime Villard in December 2015.[10] Support for Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) was also implemented by Maxime Villard, in August 2017.[11] NetBSD 8.0 was the first release with both features supported and enabled.[12]
Haiku support for Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention (SMEP) was implemented by Jérôme Duval in January 2018.[13]
macOS has support for SMAP at least since macOS 10.13 released 2017.[14]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Corbet, Jonathan (2012-09-26). "Supervisor mode access prevention". LWN.net. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
- ^ a b Mulnix, David (2015-05-22). "Intel Xeon Processor D Product Family Technical Overview: Supervisor Mode Access Protection (SMAP) 4". Intel. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
- ^ Corbet, Jonathan (2009-07-20). "Fun with NULL pointers, part 1". LWN.net. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
- ^ Phoronix. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
- ^ a b "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1" (PDF). Intel. July 2017. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
- ^ Belousov, Konstantin (2012-11-01). "Revision 242433". Retrieved 2018-01-19.
- ^ Belousov, Konstantin (2018-07-29). "Revision 336876". Retrieved 2018-07-30.
- ^ Henderson, Stuart (2017-03-26). "Re: Does OpenBSD have SMEP and SMAP implementation? or MPX?". Retrieved 2017-08-04 – via marc.info.
- ^ "OpenBSD 5.3". OpenBSD. 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
- ^ "Significant changes from NetBSD 7.0 to 8.0". NetBSD. 2017-10-12. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
- ^ Maxime Villard (2017-08-23). "amd64: smap support". Retrieved 2018-01-09.
- ^ "Announcing NetBSD 8.0 (July 17, 2018)". NetBSD. 2018-07-17. Retrieved 2018-07-29.
- ^ "kernel: support for Intel SMAP and SMEP on x86_64". Haiku (operating system). 2018-01-30. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
- ^ "/osfmk/x86_64/idt64.s.auto.html". Apple Inc. 2017-09-25. Retrieved 2018-09-19.