Ōta Dōkan

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In this Japanese name, the surname is Ōta.
Portrait of Ōta Dōkan

Ōta Dōkan (太田 道灌, 1432 - August 25, 1486), also known as Ōta Sukenaga (太田 資長),

Imperial Palace) in what is today modern Tokyo; and he is considered the founder of the castle town which grew up around that Ōnin
era fortress.

Ōta clan genealogy

The

Seiwa-Genji.[4]

The feudal progenitor of the clan name, Ōta Sukekuni, established himself at Ōta in Tanba Province, and he adopted this location name as his own. He traced his lineage as a fifth-generation descendant of Yorimasa.[4]

In a special context created by the

daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawas.[3]

In, 1638,

Tanakura Domain in Mutsu Province, and in 1728 at Tatebayashi Domain in Kōzuke Province.[4] Then, in the period spanning the years 1746 through 1868, this branch of the Ōta clan established itself at Kakegawa Domain (53,000 koku)[5] in Tōtōmi.[3]

The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.[4]

Events of Dōkan's life

Although born into the

Honshū
.

A portion of Edo Castle, built by Dōkan.

Dōkan is credited with designing and building Edo Castle for Uesugi Sadamasa (1443–1494) over the fortifications Edo Shigenaga had earlier built.[6] Work on the defensive walls and moats began in 1457; and he took the name Dōkan the following year.

Ōgigayatsu Uesugi Mochitomo ordered Ōta Michizane and Dōkan to construct fortifications at Kawagoe in 1457.[7]

As a military strategist, he is reputed to have been an effective tactician; but political intrigues can be as deadly as any battle. Despite years of distinguished service, the Uesugi clan leader proved fickle. Dōkan met an untimely end at

Kanagawa) after he was falsely accused of disloyalty during a period when the Uesugi family struggled through an internal clan conflict.[4] His death poem
is as follows:

Following his death, the castle was then abandoned until it was taken over by Ieyasu in 1590. [8]

Dōkan was also well-read in classical (Heian period) literature; and like other samurai of his time, Dōkan was said to have been a skilled poet, but only fragments attributed to him have survived.

Dōkan is also credited with having selected the site of the Hikawa Shrine, which is dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane, the kami of poetry and scholarship. Hikawa Shrine is located very near Edo Castle.

Legacy

Contemporary panoramic view of the Imperial Palace which today occupies the location which Ōta Dōkan selected and fortified in 1457. The Tokyo sky and skyline are much changed, but part of Dōkan's moat is preserved as a notable element of the site's past and present.

Dōkan's residence in Kamakura became Eishō-ji, a Buddhist temple.[9] The temple complex was founded by Okaji, a daughter of Ōta Yasusuke who would have been one of Dōkan's great-great-grandsons. Okaji was one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's attendants, and she later became a foster mother to Tokugawa Yorifusa (1603–61), the founder of the Mito branch of the Tokugawa family. After Ieyasu's death, Okatsu became a nun, taking the name Eishoin. The third shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–51), granted her the property her ancestors had once owned. In 1636, Eishoin had a temple built and she invited a daughter of Yorifusa to join her. Eisho-ji's prosperity helped preserve the memory of the 15th century ancestor who once lived in the same place.[10]

In the late 16th century, Dōkan's Edo Castle was chosen as the new home of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who had been persuaded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to transfer the seat of his clan holdings into the Kantō. With the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate in the early 17th century, Edo Castle became the center of the shogunate government. When the shogunate was displaced in the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century, the newly named Tokyo became an Imperial capital with an Imperial Palace rising from the former shōgun's stronghold. Every October 1, modern Tokyo celebrates the anniversary of its founding, which becomes a festival in honor of the memory of the samurai who would become honored as the founder of a great city.

The city of

Isehara
celebrates Dōkan's contributions to the area with the annual Dōkan festival each summer.

Dōkan's 15th century poetic description of what was once just a fortified hill on the Sumida River near Edo Bay would become the basis for metropolitan Tokyo Governor Ryokichi Minobe's 1971 re-election slogan: "Give Tokyo back its blue sky!"[11]

The abode of mine
Adjoins a pine grove
Sitting on the blue sea
And from its humble eaves
Commands a view of soaring Fuji.

Instead of stone walls, the defense works around the 15th-century castle were only grassy embankments, and the structures inside them were not grand. The initial enclosure which served as the castle's core area, the space which would have been Dōkan's hon-maru, was modestly sized; but the moats were extensive for that time period. These moats and their locations would figure prominently in the serial phases of construction and development which followed.[12]

Dōkan is also credited with diverting the Hira River east at Kandabashi to create the Nihonbashi River.[2]

Celebrations attending the 500th Anniversary of Greater Tokyo illuminated parts of the story of Dōkan's life and achievements; and since that time, he has remained a well-known figure in modern popular culture.[13]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Claremont College: "Musashi, Flowers of Takada, ota Dokan and Yamabuki no koji" by Chikanobu Yoshu (woodblock print, 1884)
  2. ^ a b Time Out Magazine, Ltd. (2005) Time Out Tokyo, p. 11.
  3. ^ a b c Appert, Georges et al. (1888). Ancien Japon, p. 76.
  4. ^
    Papinot, Edmund. (2003). Nobiliare du Japon -- Ōta, pp. 48
    ; Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon; retrieved 2012-11-7.
  5. ^ Papinot, p. 48.
  6. ^ Naito, Akira. (2003). Edo, the City that Became Tokyo: An Illustrated History, pp. 20-21.
  7. ^ Koedo Kawagoe web site Archived 2008-02-20 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ^ Enbutsu, Sumiko. "The ones who got there first," Japan Times, August 10, 2003; retrieved 2012-11-7.
  9. ^ Eisho-ji web site. Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Eisho-ji, Ogigayatsu area web site.
  11. ^ "A Blue Sky for Tokyo", Time. April 12, 1971. In 1971, the sky was not often blue and Mount Fuji could only be glimpsed on rare days. Today, thanks to strict air pollution and diesel exhaust regulations, Mt. Fuji is visible far more often.
  12. ^ Naito, Akira. "From Old Edo to Modern Tokyo: 400 Years", Nipponia. No. 25, June 15, 2003.
  13. ^ Févé, Nicholas et al. (2003). Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective, p.244.

References

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