102nd Motorized Division "Trento"
102nd Motorized Division "Trento" | |
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Western Desert Campaign | |
Insignia | |
Identification symbol | Trento Division gorget patches |
The 102nd Motorized Division "Trento" (
History
The division's lineage begins with the Brigade "Sicilia" established in Naples on 16 April 1861 with the 61st and 62nd infantry regiments.[3]
World War I
The brigade fought on the
Formation
The division was raised as 1st Motorized Division "Trento" on 15 July 1935 in the city of Trento and consisted initially of the 115th Infantry Regiment "Treviso", 116th Infantry Regiment "Treviso", and the reformed 46th Artillery Regiment, which had served in World War I. The division soon changed its number from 1st to 32nd, and in December 1935 deployed to Libya to replace units deployed for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. In August 1936 it returned to Trento and on 1 November of the same year the 116th Infantry Regiment was disbanded and replaced by the 62nd Infantry Regiment "Sicilia" from the 8th Infantry Division "Po". On 15 May 1937 the division transferred the 115th Infantry Regiment to the 62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica" and received the 61st Infantry Regiment "Sicilia" from the 8th Infantry Division "Po". On 11 November 1938 the division added the 7th Bersaglieri Regiment based in Bolzano. On 2 January 1939 the division changed its name to 102nd Motorized Division "Trento" and on the same date the 61st and 62nd infantry regiments, and the 46th Artillery Regiment changed their names to "Trento".[1][4][5]
World War II
On 10 June 1940 Italy entered
Western Desert Campaign
In December 1940 the British Western Desert Force commenced the Operation Compass to expel the Italian 10th Army from Egypt. The British offensive resulted in the destruction of the Italian 10th Army and the conquest of Cyrenaica.[6] Beginning in January 1941 Italy and Germany sent reinforcement to Italian Libya to reinforce the Italian 5th Army and stop the British offensive. The Trento was ordered to North Africa in March 1941 and gathered in Misrata.[2][1]
In April 1941 the Trento participated in the Axis counterattack, which forced the British and Commonwealth forces into retreat.[7] On 10 April the Trento reached Marsa al-Brega, on 12 April Derna and on the 13th the division arrived in Ain el Gazala. On 15 April the division defeated British forces at Acroma.[1]
While the
Operation Brevity and Battleaxe
On 15 May 1941 the British XIII Corps launched Operation Brevity. The objective of the operation was to clear the Halfaya Pass and secure several footholds to create advantageous conditions from which to launch Operation Battleaxe.[10] The principal Axis opposition was Kampfgruppe von Herff, which included a battalion of the 62nd Infantry Regiment "Trento".[11][12] After a day of inconclusive fighting British forces took control of the pass. Total Italian casualties during the operation are unknown, though at least 347 men were taken prisoner during the operation.[13][14] German forces retook the pass on 27 May 1941 during Operation Skorpion.
On 15 June 1941 the 62nd Infantry Regiment "Trento" was attacked by British forces during Operation Battleaxe. The regiment had to abandon its positions at Halfaya Pass and Fort Capuzzo, but German-Italian forces retook the lost positions in fierce counterattacks on 17 and 18 June 1941. In September 1941 the Trento was reorganized as an Tipo AS 1942 division.[1]
Operation Crusader
On 18 November 1941 the
After reorganizing at
Battle of Gazala
On 26 May 1942 Axis forces commenced the
On 20 June 1942 the Trento reached Acroma on the outskirts of the Tobruk perimeter. The division swung around the British defenders at Tobruk and pursued the British forces retreating towards Egypt. On 25 June the Trento arrived in Bardia, Sollum and Sidi Barrani.[1]
El Alamein battles
From 26 June 1942 the Trento was engaged in the Battle of Mersa Matruh. On 27 June the division began its attack on Mersa Matruh, which fell on 29 June. On 1 July 1942 the Trento reached the area of El Alamein and the next day joined in the First Battle of El Alamein. On 2 July the Trento deployed on Miteirya Ridge, where it was surprised by a British attack.[1] The Trento put up a tenacious defense on Miteirya, delaying the Allied advance for several hours and allowing an Italian armored reconnaissance force to launch a devastating counterattack.[18] Despite fresh British attacks after 10 July the Trento managed to hold its positions on Miteirya until the end of the battle on 27 July.[1]
On 30 August 1942 Axis forces launched the
The British began the
Organization
- 102nd Motorized Division "Trento", in Trento[1][2]
- 61st Motorized Infantry Regiment "Trento",[a] in Trento[4]
- Command Company
- 3× Fusilier battalions
- Support Weapons Company (65/17 infantry support guns)
- Mortar Company (81mm mod. 35 mortars)
-
- Command Company
- 3× Fusilier battalions
- Support Weapons Company (65/17 infantry support guns)
- Mortar Company (81mm mod. 35 mortars)
- 7th Bersaglieri Regiment, in Bolzano (transferred on 29 December 1941 to the XXI Army Corps)[20]
- Command Company
- VIII Bersaglieri Motorcyclists Battalion (reorganized as VIII Bersaglieri Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
- X Auto-transported Bersaglieri Battalion
- XI Auto-transported Bersaglieri Battalion
- 7th Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns; entered the XXI Bersaglieri Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
- 156th Bersaglieri Motorcyclists Company (formed in September 1941)
- 46th Artillery Regiment "Trento", in Trento[21]
- Command Unit
- I Group (100/17 mod. 14 howitzers)
- II Group (100/17 mod. 14 howitzers; joined the regiment in spring 1941)
- III Group (75/27 mod. 06 field guns)
- IV Group (75/27 mod. 06 field guns)
- 412th Anti-aircraft Battery (20/65 mod. 35anti-aircraft guns)
- 414th Anti-aircraft Battery (20/65 mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns)
- Ammunition and Supply Unit
- DLI Machine Gun Battalion (reformed as a DLI Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
- LI Mixed Engineer Battalion
- 51st Medical Section
- 57th Field Hospital
- 897th Field Hospital
- 51st Supply Section
- 9th Transport Section
- 204th Transport Section (4th CC.NN. Division "3 Gennaio" unit, joined the Trento in North Africa)
- 68th Bakers Section
- 160th Carabinieri Section
- 161st Carabinieri Section
- 109th Field Post Office
- 61st Motorized Infantry Regiment "Trento",[a] in Trento[4]
Attached to the division from January 1941:[2]
- 102nd Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns; entered the DLI Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
- 104th Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns; entered the DLI Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
- 106th Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns; entered the DLI Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
Attached to the division from September 1941:[2]
- LXI Machine Gun Battalion
Attached to the division from March 1941:[2]
- XLIII Anti-aircraft/Anti-tank Group (anti-aircraft guns)
Attached to the division from October 1942 and during the Second Battle of El Alamein:[2]
- IV Anti-tank Battalion "Granatieri di Sardegna" (47/32 anti-tank guns)
- CCLIV Guardia alla Frontiera Artillery Group (77/28 field guns)
- CCCLV Guardia alla Frontiera Artillery Group (77/28 field guns)
Military honors
For its conduct during the Western Desert campaign the President of Italy awarded on 7 April 1949 to the 7th Bersaglieri Regiment Italy's highest military honor, the Gold Medal of Military Valor.
- 7th Bersaglieri Regiment on 7 April 1949[22]
Commanding officers
The division's commanding officers were:[1][2]
- Generale di Divisione Luigi Nuvoloni (1939 - 25 August 1941)
- Generale di Divisione Giuseppe De Stefanis (26 August 1941 - 25 December 1941)
- Generale di Brigata Giacomo Lombardi (acting, 26–31 December 1941)
- Generale di Divisione Giuseppe De Stefanis (1-19 January 1942)
- Generale di Brigata Carlo Gotti (20 January 1942 - 17 February 1942)
- Generale di Brigata Francesco Scotti (18 February 1942 - August 1942)
- Generale di Brigata Giorgio Masina (August 1942 - 25 November 1942, POW)
Notes
- ^ Named 61st Infantry Regiment "Sicilia" until 1939 when the army reorganized its divisions as binary divisions and divisional infantry regiments took the name of the division.
- ^ Named 62nd Infantry Regiment "Sicilia" until 1939 when the army reorganized its divisions as binary divisions and divisional infantry regiments took the name of the division.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "102ª Divisione motorizzata "Trento"". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bollettino dell'Archivio dell'Ufficio Storico N.II-3 e 4 2002. Rome: Ministero della Difesa - Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito - Ufficio Storico. 2002. p. 322. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
- ^ Voghera, Enrico (1909). Annuario militare del regno d'Italia - Volume I. Rome. p. 432.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b "61° Reggimento di fanteria "Sicilia"". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ a b "62° Reggimento di fanteria "Sicilia"". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ Playfair (1954), pp. 362 – 366, 371 – 376
- ^ Playfair (1956), pp. 19–40
- ^ Latimer, pp. 43–45
- ^ Playfair (1956), pp. 33–35
- ^ Chant, p. 21
- ^ Playfair (1956), pp. 159–160
- ^ Jentz, pp. 128–129
- ^ Erskine, p. 79"
- ^ Hastings, p. 70
- ^ Playfair (1960), p. 223
- ^ Mackenzie, p.541
- ^ The Rise of the Wehrmacht: The German Armed Forces and World War, 2 Volumes, p.564, Samuel W. Mitcham, Praeger (June 30, 2008)
- ^ Aldea, David (15 March 2010). "First Battle of El Alamein". Commando Supremo: Italy at War website. Retrieved 2019-04-28.[dubious ]
- ^ Playfair (1966), P. 50
- ^ "7° Reggimento Bersaglieri". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ F. dell'Uomo, R. di Rosa (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Secondo - Tomo II. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 138.
- ^ "7° Reggimento Bersaglieri". President of Italy. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
Bibliography
- Paoletti, Ciro (2008). A Military History of Italy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98505-9.
- Bauer, Eddy (2000) [1979]. Young, Peter (ed.). The History of World War II (Revised ed.). London, UK: Orbis Publishing. ISBN 1-85605-552-3.
- Chant, Christopher (1986). The Encyclopedia of Code Names of World War II. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7102-0718-2.
- Erskine, David (2001) [1956]. The Scots Guards 1919–1955. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84342-061-9.
- Hastings, R.H.W.S. (1950). The Rifle Brigade in the Second World War 1939–1945. Aldershot, UK: OCLC 6190324.
- Jentz, Thomas L. (1998). Tank Combat in North Africa: The Opening Rounds, Operations Sonnenblume, Brevity, Skorpion and Battleaxe, February 1941 – June 1941. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0-7643-0226-4.
- OCLC 59637091.
- Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; with Flynn R.N., Captain F.C.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1956]. Butler, J.R.M (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-066-1.
- ISBN 1-84574-067-X.
- ISBN 1-84574-068-8.