1311 massacre of Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate

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1311 massacre of Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate
Location
Mongol men
Attack type
Genocidal massacre
Deaths20,000-30,000
PerpetratorAlauddin Khalji
MotiveAnti-Mongolianism

In 1311, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji ordered a mass massacre of the "New Muslims" (Mongols who had recently converted to Islam), after some Mongol amirs of Delhi conspired to kill him. According to chronicler Ziauddin Barani, 20,000 or 30,000 Mongols were killed as a result of this order.

Background

The

inams (feudal land grants) of the Mongol amirs, and some of them had lost their employment.[2] All these factors caused discontent among the leading Mongols of Delhi.[5]

Conspiracy against Alauddin

In 1310-1311, Alauddin had sent his general

executed.[6]

Abachi's execution prompted the already resentful Mongols to conspire against Alauddin. The conspirators made a plan to kill Alauddin when he would come out to fly his hawks, wearing a cloak without any armour. Alauddin's attendants at this time would be unarmed, so the Mongols thought that a contingent of 200-300 Mongol horsemen could easily overpower them. The conspirators planned to set up a government after killing Alauddin.[2] They believed that the general public would support them for liberating the people from Alauddin's tyranny.[5]

Alauddin's order

Before the Mongol amirs could put their plan into action, Alauddin's agents discovered the conspiracy. Alauddin then issued a confidential order, instructing his royal officers to kill all the Mongol men in his empire on a specified day.

Isami.[2] The later chronicler Yahya also mentions the event in Tarikh-i-Mubarakshahi, but he confuses it with the Mongol mutiny during Alauddin's Gujarat campaign.[6]

A manuscript of Barani's Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi states that Alauddin's order was to kill the New Muslims who held jagirs (feudal land grants). However, the term jagir was not used in Barani's days, and seems to be a copyist's addition. Alauddin ordered all New Muslim men of Delhi Sultanate to be killed.[2] According to Barani, 20,000 or 30,000 Mongol men were massacred as a result of Alauddin's orders.[6] Their women and children became destitute. Most of the victims were unaware of the conspiracy against Alauddin.[2]

According to historian

1305 Mongol invasion of India.[6] Isami states that after being defeated and imprisoned, they had been recruited into Aluaddin's service (probably because of their high ranks), but they were later killed on Alauddin's orders.[7][8]

See also

References

  1. ^ John Bowman 2005, p. 267.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992, p. 418.
  3. ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1950, p. 87.
  4. ^ Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992, pp. 350–351.
  5. ^ a b c Kishori Saran Lal 1950, p. 295.
  6. ^ a b c d Peter Jackson 2003, p. 174.
  7. ^ Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992, p. 393.
  8. ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1950, p. 170.

Bibliography

  • OCLC 31870180
    .
  • John Bowman (2005). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. Columbia University Press.
    ISBN 978-0-231-50004-3
    .
  • OCLC 685167335
    .
  • Peter Jackson (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press.
    ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3
    .
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