1586 Lima–Callao earthquake
Local date | 9 July 1586 |
---|---|
Magnitude | Mw 8.1 Mt 8.5[1] |
Epicenter | 12°18′S 77°42′W / 12.3°S 77.7°W |
Areas affected | Peru |
Max. intensity | MMI X (Extreme)[2] |
Tsunami | 5 meters |
Casualties | 22 dead[2] |
The 1586 Lima–Callao earthquake (
Tectonic setting
The coast of Peru lies a 7,000-km-long
Descriptions
The shock from the quake was felt at 19:00
The earthquake reportedly caused the collapse of the towers of a cathedral in the city of Lima. Significant rockslides occurred at Cerro San Cristobal (es) in the Rímac District of Lima Province. The earthquake also severely damaged the residence of Fernando Torres de Portugal y Mesía, the then viceroy of Peru.[5] Ground fissures formed in the city when the shaking was ongoing.[2]
The associated tsunami was documented by the viceroy of Peru in which he said the waves picked up and smashed homes, and inundated up to 250 meters inland. Even when the waves retreated, the some parts of the city was so severely flooded that it was impossible to ride a horse through.[5] At Callao, the earthquake and tsunami destroyed many docks and warehouses. Ships were dragged far inland during the tsunami inundation. Many trees and bushes were uprooted from the ground and deposited far inland by the tsunami.[6]
Earthquake characteristics
The 1586 earthquake ruptured a 175-km-long section of the Peru-Chile
Tsunami
Older descriptions of the tsunami having a height of 24 to 26 meters have been debunked and concluded as exaggerations.[6] A more accurate height of the tsunami has been estimated at 5 meters.
The tsunami was also confused as being an orphan tsunami reported along Japan's Sanriku coast due to erroneous cataloging of historical tsunamis, which also led to the confusion that it was from the 1586 Tenshō earthquake; a large Japanese earthquake. The presence of a tsunami at the Sanriku coast however, was reported in June 1585, now thought to be from the 1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake. At a monument in Tokura village near the Sanriku coast in Miyagi Prefecture, a stone monument stated that a tsunami between 1 and 2 meters in height struck the coast; the tsunami has been inferred to be of the 1585 event. Modelling of the tsunami from the 1586 earthquake in Peru suggest the tsunami was approximately 6 cm.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b L. Dorbath; A. Cisternas; C. Dorbath (1990). "Assessment of the size of large and great historical earthquakes in Peru" (PDF). Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 80 (3): 551–576.
- ^ a b c "Significant Earthquake Information". ngdc.noaa.gov. NCEI. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- )
- ^ Roberto Levillier (1925). "X". Gobernantes del Perú, cartas y papeles, siglo XVI. Madrid. p. 171.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Hernando Tavera. "TERREMOTOS DE LIMA, 09 DE JULIO 1586". Archived from the original on 14 October 2006.
- ^ a b "Tsunami Event Information". ngdc.noaa.gov. NCEI. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- S2CID 134237666.